30 Questions
When did philosophy begin, according to the text?
End of the 6th Century BCE
What is the Greek meaning of the word 'philosophy'?
Love of wisdom
Why did philosophers become famous in Athens according to the text?
Works of Hesiod and Homer
What was the main focus of the first philosophers according to the text?
Astonishment at observed wonders
Which town is credited as the birthplace of philosophy?
Miletus
What key transition marked the beginning of philosophy according to the text?
From story (muthos) to reason (logos)
What was Pythagoras' radical shift from?
Mythic to the rational
What did Pythagoras believe governs the world, according to the text?
Numbers
How does Pythagoras define a philosophus?
Someone who pursues wisdom with might
What does philosophy study, according to the text?
Everything and anything
How does philosophy approach studying objects, based on the text?
Not satisfied with simple yes or no answers
What is unique about the science of philosophy, as mentioned in the text?
It observes the rigors of science in its own discipline
What does the rational soul (nous) represent, according to Plato?
Guiding towards truth
According to Socrates and Plato, what is the root of evil?
Ignorance
How does Aristotle define true knowledge?
Practical application of knowledge
What is the ultimate perfection and happiness for man, according to Aristotle?
Wisdom and virtue
Why can only a person have a soul with rational qualities, according to Aristotle?
Complex actions such as thinking and feeling
What must one do in addition to knowing the Good, according to Plato and Aristotle?
Live well
What is the relationship between social freedom and individualism assimilation in society?
Social freedom promotes individualism assimilation in society
How is political freedom commonly associated with civil liberties and natural rights?
Political freedom is linked to the notion of liberty and autonomy through civil liberties and natural rights
In the context of the text, how does political freedom differ from social freedom?
Political freedom is associated with civil liberties, while social freedom involves independence from determinism
How does the strict dress code in the conservative community affect the teenager's social freedom?
Limits the teenager's ability to express themselves freely
What impact does social freedom have on relationships within a community?
Encourages diverse perspectives and expressions within the community
Why is the right to speak freely an example of political freedom?
It exemplifies civil liberties associated with political freedom
What type of freedom is characterized by a deterministic viewpoint?
Scientistic freedom
Which notion of freedom presupposes a divine gift from God?
Transcendental freedom
In the context provided, what characterizes populism?
Emotional appeals and affective appeal
What does the transcendental presumption of freedom create, according to the text?
An arbitrary representation of human condition
Which strategy is highlighted as effective in persuading people in the context provided?
Rule of emotion and affective appeal
What situation exemplifies scientistic freedom in the provided text?
'Nag plano ka sa sabado' scenario
Study Notes
Plato's View on the Human Soul
- The soul has three parts: rational, spirited, and appetitive.
- The rational soul (nous) represents the guiding part towards the truth, weighing situations rationally.
- The spirited soul (thymos) represents the noble part and is the heart of the soul.
- The appetitive soul represents the soul's pleasure-centeredness and bodily fulfillment.
Socrates and Plato's View on Knowledge and Virtue
- Knowing the difference between good and bad does not make a person virtuous.
- The root of evil is ignorance.
- The solution to overcome evil is knowledge of the Good.
- Knowledge is not enough; one must also live well.
Aristotle's View on Human Person and Happiness
- Man's ultimate perfection and happiness consist of wisdom and virtue.
- A good and happy life is a well-ordered one, guided by reason.
- In contrast, an unhappy life is a disordered life dominated by vices.
- Human person is a composite substance and form which complements one another.
Types of Freedom
- Social Freedom: the ability to exercise individualism assimilation in society.
- Political Freedom: often linked with the notion of liberty and autonomy, including civil liberties and natural rights.
- Transcendental Freedom: presupposes God's celestial gift to humanity.
- Scientistic Freedom: a strictly deterministic view, where freedom does not exist.
- Populist Freedom: a political doctrine and strategy that highlights the views and sides of the public in a dishonest and cunning way.
Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person
- Philosophy began at the end of the 6th Century in Ancient Greece.
- Philosophy came from the Greek words "philein" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom).
- Philosophy started in wonder, with a radical shift from mythic explanations to rational and ground facts.
Pythagoras' Contribution to Philosophy
- Pythagoras marked a radical shift from the mythic to the rational.
- He saw everyone as a philosopher, with the term "philosophus" meaning "someone who, in all his might pursues wisdom".
Definition of Philosophy
- Philosophy is a science that observes the rigors of science.
- Philosophy's object is literally everything and every-thing.
- Philosophy studies things through their ultimate causes and principles.
Test your knowledge on the origins and meaning of philosophy, from Muthos to Logos. Explore how philosophy emerged in Ancient Greece, its etymology, and the influence of works by Hesiod and Homer.
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