Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who discovered Penicillin?
Who discovered Penicillin?
- Karl Wilhelm Scheele
- Aureolus Paracelsus
- Friedrich Serturner
- Alexander Fleming (correct)
Which pharmacist is known for isolating morphine from opium?
Which pharmacist is known for isolating morphine from opium?
- Aureolus Paracelsus
- Jonathan Roberts
- Friedrich Serturner (correct)
- Karl Wilhelm Scheele
Which publisher is associated with the book 'Pharmaceutical Calculations'?
Which publisher is associated with the book 'Pharmaceutical Calculations'?
- Lippincott
- Churchill Livingstone Elsevier
- McGraw-Hill
- Wolters Kluwer Health (correct)
What is the primary focus of 'Aulton's Pharmaceutics'?
What is the primary focus of 'Aulton's Pharmaceutics'?
In what decade was Penicillin developed for practical use?
In what decade was Penicillin developed for practical use?
Who authored 'The Merck Index'?
Who authored 'The Merck Index'?
Which of the following organic acids was discovered by Karl Wilhelm Scheele?
Which of the following organic acids was discovered by Karl Wilhelm Scheele?
Which scientist introduced chemical science from traditional botanical science?
Which scientist introduced chemical science from traditional botanical science?
Which book focuses on Pharmaceutical Operations Management?
Which book focuses on Pharmaceutical Operations Management?
What significant observation did Louis Pasteur make in 1877?
What significant observation did Louis Pasteur make in 1877?
In what year was the 14th edition of 'The Merck Index' published?
In what year was the 14th edition of 'The Merck Index' published?
Which method was invented by Karl Wilhelm Scheele?
Which method was invented by Karl Wilhelm Scheele?
What class of organic substances did Friedrich Serturner recognize and prove the importance of?
What class of organic substances did Friedrich Serturner recognize and prove the importance of?
Which schedule classifies drugs with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse?
Which schedule classifies drugs with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse?
Which of the following drugs is classified as Schedule II?
Which of the following drugs is classified as Schedule II?
What category indicates that animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus?
What category indicates that animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the refilling of prescription drugs?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the refilling of prescription drugs?
Which substance is classified as a Schedule III drug?
Which substance is classified as a Schedule III drug?
Which of the following FDA Pregnancy Categories demonstrates no risk to the fetus during the first trimester?
Which of the following FDA Pregnancy Categories demonstrates no risk to the fetus during the first trimester?
What is the role of the DEA as mentioned in the context of drug regulation?
What is the role of the DEA as mentioned in the context of drug regulation?
Which schedule classifies drugs with accepted medical use but a low potential for abuse?
Which schedule classifies drugs with accepted medical use but a low potential for abuse?
What was a significant outcome of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938?
What was a significant outcome of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938?
Which amendment was initiated in response to the Thalidomide tragedy?
Which amendment was initiated in response to the Thalidomide tragedy?
What role did the Pure Food and Drug Act play in drug regulation?
What role did the Pure Food and Drug Act play in drug regulation?
What classification did the Durham-Humphrey Amendment implement for drugs?
What classification did the Durham-Humphrey Amendment implement for drugs?
Which of the following is a consequence of the sulfanilamide incident?
Which of the following is a consequence of the sulfanilamide incident?
What is the primary function of a New Drug Application (NDA)?
What is the primary function of a New Drug Application (NDA)?
What does the Kefauver-Harris Amendment require before filing an NDA?
What does the Kefauver-Harris Amendment require before filing an NDA?
Which drug was marketed as an OTC medication for sedation and later linked to serious health issues?
Which drug was marketed as an OTC medication for sedation and later linked to serious health issues?
Which ancient civilization is noted for having practitioners who were both pharmacists and physicians?
Which ancient civilization is noted for having practitioners who were both pharmacists and physicians?
What was the purpose of the 'Papyrus Ebers'?
What was the purpose of the 'Papyrus Ebers'?
Who is credited with investigating the medicinal value of herbs in ancient China?
Who is credited with investigating the medicinal value of herbs in ancient China?
What significant development in pharmacy occurred around 2600 B.C.?
What significant development in pharmacy occurred around 2600 B.C.?
What is the length of the 'Papyrus Ebers' scroll?
What is the length of the 'Papyrus Ebers' scroll?
What type of drugs does the term 'hemostatics' refer to?
What type of drugs does the term 'hemostatics' refer to?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a category of drugs?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a category of drugs?
Which ancient document is the oldest known pharmaceutical record?
Which ancient document is the oldest known pharmaceutical record?
Study Notes
Drug Regulation and Control
- Prescriber consent is required for refilling prescription drugs.
- The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 establishes regulations on drugs of abuse, overseen by the DEA in the Department of Justice.
- Controlled substances are classified into five schedules based on their medical use and potential for abuse.
- Schedule I: High potential for abuse and no accepted medical use (e.g., heroin, LSD, marijuana).
- Schedule II: Accepted medical use with high abuse potential, leading to psycho or physical dependence (e.g., morphine, cocaine, methamphetamine).
- Schedule III: Medical use with less potential for abuse (e.g., codeine, hydrocodone).
- Schedule IV: Accepted medical use with low potential for abuse (e.g., diazepam, diphenoxin).
- Schedule V: Lowest potential for abuse with accepted medical use (e.g., dihydrocodeine, diphenoxylate).
FDA Pregnancy Categories
- Category A: Well-controlled studies show no risk to the fetus during the first trimester (e.g., iron supplements, levothyroxine).
- Category B: Animal studies show no risk, but no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- Category C: Studies show adverse effects on the fetus in animals, with no adequate studies in humans.
Historical Context of Pharmacy
- In the 1600s, manufacturing companies began emerging.
- In the 1800s, significant research advancements occurred.
- 1877: Pasteur observed antibiotic activities.
- 1929: Fleming discovered penicillin, which was developed further by Florey and Chain in 1940.
- Karl Wilhelm Scheele, a prominent chemist, discovered several organic acids and isolated glycerin.
- Friedrich Serturner, a German pharmacist, isolated morphine from opium.
Regulatory Milestones
- June 30, 1906: The Pure Food and Drug Act was signed into law, prohibiting misbranding and adulteration of food and drugs.
- The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 requires a New Drug Application (NDA) to ensure product safety.
- The Kefauver-Harris Amendment was enacted following the 1960 Thalidomide tragedy to ensure drug efficacy and safety.
- The Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1952 categorized drugs into prescriptions (“Rx only”) and over-the-counter (OTC).
Ancient Pharmacy
- Ancient practitioners combined roles of healer, pharmacist, and physician, dating back to around 2600 B.C.
- Shen Nung, an emperor in ancient China, studied the medicinal properties of numerous herbs.
- The Ebers Papyrus, dating back to 1500 B.C., is a key pharmaceutical document with 800 prescriptions detailing 700 drugs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key discoveries and publications in the field of pharmaceutical science. This quiz covers important figures such as the discoverer of Penicillin and the authorship of notable pharmaceutical texts. Challenge yourself with questions about the history and calculations that shape the industry.
