Introduction to Pharmacognosy

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Questions and Answers

What is pharmacognosy?

Pharmacognosy is a branch of bioscience that studies the medical and related products of crude drugs obtained from plants, animals, and mineral origins. It can also be defined as the study of drugs obtained from natural sources.

Which of the following is NOT a field of modern pharmacognosy?

  • Marine pharmacognosy
  • Medical ethnobotany
  • Astrology (correct)
  • Phytotherapy

Zoopharmacognosy focuses on how animals use medicinal plants.

True (A)

Who is considered the "Father of Medicine"?

<p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Galenical pharmacy?

<p>Galenical pharmacy is a branch of pharmacy that focuses on the extraction and preparation of medicinal substances from plants and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors have contributed to the resurgence of interest in herbal medicine?

<p>Herbal medicine has gained popularity due to its lack of toxic side effects and its increasing use in treating a wider range of ailments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of indigenous systems of medicine in pharmacognosy.

<p>Indigenous systems of medicine emphasize the utilization of available medicinal plants as raw materials, contributing to the development and understanding of traditional remedies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pharmacognosy has played a significant role in the development of new branches of science.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increased demand for plant-derived drugs?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is pharmacognosy?

The study of drugs obtained from natural origins, like plants, animals, and minerals.

What is medical ethnobotany?

It's focused on traditional uses of plants for healing.

What is ethnopharmacology?

This branch investigates the medicinal properties of substances used in traditional medicine.

What is phytotherapy?

This branch focuses on using plant extracts for medicinal purposes.

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What is phytochemistry?

This branch analyzes the chemicals extracted from plants, including the discovery of new plant-based drugs.

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What is zoopharmacognosy?

This branch studies how animals use plants, soil, and insects to treat or prevent illnesses.

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What is pharmacognosy-biotechnology?

This branch involves using biotechnology to produce natural bioactive molecules.

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What is herbal interaction?

This branch studies how plants interact with other drugs and the human body.

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What is marine pharmacognosy?

This branch investigates chemicals extracted from marine organisms.

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Who is Hippocrates?

He is known as the 'Father of Medicine'.

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Who is Aristotle?

He was a renowned philosopher who studied the animal kingdom.

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Who is Theophrastus?

He is known for his work on the plant kingdom.

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Who is Galen?

He described various methods for preparing drugs from plants and animals.

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What is Galenical Pharmacy?

This branch focuses on extracting drugs from plants and animals.

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What is the present status of pharmacognosy?

People have realized that natural drugs are not only affordable but also generally safer.

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What are Active Constituents?

These chemicals extracted from natural sources have driven progress in pharmacognosy and phytochemistry.

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What are some advancements in Pharmacognosy?

Today, scientists have access to modern technology for analyzing structures and conducting pharmacological testing.

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What fields have supported the development of pharmacognosy?

Advancements in these fields have supported the development of pharmacognosy.

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What were some significant developments in drug discovery during the 20th century?

During the 20th century, important drugs were discovered from animals and microorganisms became vital drug sources.

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What are some recent developments in the 21st century?

In the 21st century, genetic engineering has led to the production of new varieties of plants and herbs.

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What is a key role of pharmacognosy?

Pharmacognosy plays a crucial role in identifying, extracting, and developing new chemicals from medicinal plants.

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What is the impact of pharmacognosy?

Pharmacognosy has contributed to the advancement of various scientific disciplines.

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Why has there been an increased demand for plant-based drugs?

The demand for plant-based drugs has increased due to the widespread use of synthetic drugs and antibiotics.

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What makes plants a valuable source of medicine?

Plants produce biologically active secondary metabolites, making them valuable resources for medicinal use.

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What has the World Health Organization emphasized?

The World Health Organization has highlighted the importance of utilizing traditional systems of medicine.

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Why have herbal medicines become popular?

Herbal medicines have gained popularity due to their perceived lack of toxicity or side effects.

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Why is India a valuable source of medicinal plants?

India's diverse flora makes it rich in medicinal plants, offering a vast potential for drug discovery.

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How are plant drugs used to treat complex diseases?

Plant-based remedies have been used to treat complex diseases like cancer and AIDS, offering safe alternatives to synthetic medicines.

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Study Notes

Pharmacognosy Introduction

  • Pharmacognosy is a branch of bioscience, studying drugs from plants, animals, and minerals.
  • It defines drugs obtained from natural origins.
  • Pharmacognosy is derived from the Greek words: pharmkon (drug) and gignosko (to acquire knowledge).

Modern Pharmacognosy Fields

  • Medical Ethnobotany: Studies traditional plant use in medicine.
  • Ethnopharmacology: Examines traditional medicinal substances' pharmacological properties.
  • Phytotherapy: Studies the medicinal use of plant extracts.
  • Phytochemistry: Identifies plant-derived chemicals and new drugs.
  • Zoopharmacognosy: Explores how animals self-medicate using plants and other natural substances.
  • Pharmacognosy-Biotechnology: Uses biotechnology to create new bioactive molecules from plants.
  • Herbal Interactions: Studies how herbs interact with other drugs and the body.
  • Marine Pharmacognosy: Investigates chemicals from marine organisms.

History of Pharmacognosy

  • Hippocrates (460-370 BC): Considered the "Father of Medicine."
  • Aristotle (384-322 BC): Studied the animal kingdom.
  • Theophrastus (370-287 BC): Studied plants.
  • Galen (131-200 AD): Described various methods for preparing plant and animal drugs for medicine.
  • Galenical Pharmacy was a branch of medicine concerned with the preparation and extraction of medicines from plants and animals.

Present Status of Pharmacognosy

  • Natural drugs are economically and safer than synthetic drugs.
  • Active constituents from natural sources have fueled advancements in this field..
  • Structure determination and pharmacological screening are available tools.
  • Developments in chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology support further advancements in pharmacognosy.

Scope of Pharmacognosy

  • 20th Century: Important plant-derived medicines discovered, microorganisms emerged as a significant source.
  • 21st Century: Chemistry and genetics applied to improve plant and herb varieties.
  • Pharmacognosy: Expanded its scope in isolating, extracting, and developing new chemicals from medicinal plants, leading to specific disciplines in science.
  • It provides an alternative system of medicine with plants as a source of medicinal elements or compounds.

Additional Notes

  • The provided text outlines a course material for Pharmacy students, providing specific chapter topics and page numbers within the curriculum; the website information given (FDSPharmacy) leads to education resources for students.

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