Introduction to Personality Psychology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'cathexis'?

  • The fear of tangible dangers in the external world.
  • The unconscious drive towards decay and destruction.
  • The investment of psychic energy in an object or person. (correct)
  • A defense mechanism where one attributes their own feelings to another.

    • What is the primary function of anxiety in personality?

  • To enable rational thought and problem-solving.
  • To create a sense of detachment from reality.
  • To signal a problem with personality and alert the ego of threats. (correct)
  • To facilitate the expression of unconscious sexual urges.

    • Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others?

  • Rationalization
  • Projection (correct)
  • Sublimation
  • Displacement

    • What is the primary focus of the 'id', as described in the text?

    <p>To satisfy basic, unconscious drives and desires. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of 'displacement' as a defense mechanism?

    <p>Taking out your frustrations on an inanimate object. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Thanatos' according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory?

    <p>An unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'moral anxiety'?

    <p>The conflict between the id and the superego. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of defense mechanisms?

    <p>To protect the ego from anxiety and threats. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of personality, as described by Freud, operates on the 'reality principle'?

    <p>The Ego (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what is a key characteristic of the Id?

    <p>It is driven by instincts and lacks rational sense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'catharsis' refer to, according to the text provided?

    <p>The physical expression of an emotion through recalling a traumatic event (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying meaning of the concept of latent?

    <p>Underlying meaning or interpretation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Freudian slip' understood to be, based on the information provided?

    <p>A casual lapse in speech reflecting unconscious motives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is described as a storehouse of memories and thoughts easily recalled, yet not currently in our awareness?

    <p>The Preconscious Mind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, past behavior can be seen as which of the following?

    <p>A good prediction of future behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of clinical interviews as mentioned in the text?

    <p>They collect primarily qualitative data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Libido (Eros)

    The instinct driving a person toward pleasurable behaviors and thoughts.

    Thanatos

    The unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression.

    Cathexis

    The investment of psychic energy in an object or person.

    Anxiety

    Objectless fear that can lead to neurotic or psychotic behavior.

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    Defense Mechanisms

    Psychological strategies used to protect the ego from anxiety.

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    Projection

    Attributing internal thoughts or feelings to someone else.

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    Sublimation

    Transforming dangerous urges into positive or socially acceptable actions.

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    Repression

    The act of pushing threatening thoughts back into the unconscious mind.

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    Trait

    A characteristic that defines an individual's behavior.

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    Flexible vs Inflexible

    Flexible individuals adapt well, while inflexible ones resist change.

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    Personality Origins

    Personality develops from both genetic and environmental influences.

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    Big 5 Personality Traits

    A model identifying five key traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

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    Personality Disorders

    Extremely inflexible traits that significantly deviate from societal norms.

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    Cluster A Disorders

    Personality disorders characterized by odd or eccentric behavior (e.g., paranoid, schizoid).

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    Borderline Personality Disorder

    A disorder marked by unstable moods, relationships, and self-image, with a fear of abandonment.

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    Narcissistic Personality Disorder

    A disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.

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    Avoidant Personality Disorder

    A condition characterized by a desire for social relationships while avoiding them due to fear of rejection.

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    Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

    A personality disorder marked by perfectionism, rigidity, and an excessive focus on order.

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    Inter scorer reliability

    The consistency of scores obtained by different raters across evaluations.

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    Ego

    The rational part of personality that mediates between the ID and reality.

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    ID

    The instinctual, primal part of personality, driven by impulses and desires.

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    Freudian Slips

    Unintentional errors in speech revealing unconscious thoughts or desires.

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    Levels of Awareness

    The layers of consciousness: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

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    Catharsis

    The expression of emotions through recalling traumatic events, although debated in effectiveness.

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    Past behavior prediction

    The idea that history can forecast future actions.

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    Growth Oriented Mindset

    An open-minded approach that embraces change and personal development.

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    Study Notes

    Psychological Introduction

    • Normal behavior is statistically average, not necessarily healthy
    • Abnormal behavior is outside of normal limits, often diagnosed via DMS-IV
    • Personality disorders include criminal or perceived "evil" tendencies

    Personality Psychology

    • Personality psychology scientifically examines factors shaping an individual's personality influenced by environmental and genetic factors
    • The Barnum Effect describes the tendency to accept vague statements about personality as accurate.
    • The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) measures personality traits and mental health issues through self-report measures
    • Personality assessment is used for diagnosis, counseling, education, and research

    Principles of Measurement

    • Reliability refers to consistency in response to a psychological assessment tool
    • Validity refers to the tool's accuracy in measuring what it intends to measure

    Types of Assessments

    • Self-report measures involve questionnaires
    • Projective techniques use ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious feelings; example- Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and Rorschach Inkblot Test
    • Clinical interviews gather information through direct questioning
    • Behavioral observations and experience sampling involve systematic recording of behavior or samples over time

    Personality Disorders

    • Personality disorders represent inflexible, maladaptive behaviors that deviate from cultural norms, commonly grouped into clusters (A, B, and C)
      • Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal traits; odd/eccentric characteristics
      • Cluster B involves antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality traits; dramatic/erratic traits
      • Cluster C contains avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive traits; anxious/fearful characteristics

    Extremes of Personality Continuum

    • Personality traits stem from a combination of genes, temperament, and environmental factors, largely formed during childhood experiences.
    • A range of personality traits exists; some are perceived as more desirable than others, with extremes being either healthy or unhealthy.

    Common Personality Disorders

    • Paranoid personality: extreme distrust and suspicion
    • Schizoid personality: detachment from social relationships
    • Schizotypal personality: discomfort in close relationships and unusual beliefs
    • Antisocial personality: disregard for rights of others and rules (often criminal)
    • Borderline personality: unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image
    • Histrionic personality: excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
    • Narcissistic personality: grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy
    • Avoidant personality: social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and fear of rejection
    • Dependent personality: excessive need to be cared for and submissive behavior
    • Obsessive-compulsive personality: preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

    Additional Topics

    • Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies to protect the ego from anxiety caused by various external and internal stressors
    • Freudian slips reflect unconscious motives or anxieties
    • Anxiety arises from conflicts between the id, ego, and superego, arising from conscious/unconscious interactions and conflicts impacting self-esteem

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    Psych Intro PDF

    Description

    Explore key concepts in personality psychology, including definitions of normal and abnormal behavior, and the impact of environmental and genetic factors on personality. Learn about tools like the MMPI and principles of measurement such as reliability and validity used in psychological assessments.

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