Questions and Answers
Soil is conceptualized as a ______ natural body when organisms are not considered part of it.
non-living
In the view of soil as a living natural body, organisms living in it are considered to be part of the ______.
soil
The classification of soils into groups is known as soil ______.
classification
Soil classification aims to ease ______ transfer and communication.
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The ______ approach focuses on the factors and processes responsible for soil properties.
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In the study of soil, one view emphasizes the role of organisms as ______ occupants of the soil.
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Understanding soil involves concepts of ______, which deals with the chemical interactions within the ecosystem.
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Soil's physical, mineralogical, and chemical properties can vary across the ______.
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Soil Morphology focuses on the genesis of the soil in the ______.
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The ecological approach deals with the dynamics and functions of the soil in ______.
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Pedology is derived from the Greek words 'pedos' meaning ground or soil and 'logos' meaning ______.
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A collective term used to refer to the combination of soil Genesis and ______.
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The study of the spatial association of materials in soil ______ is part of soil morphology.
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The temperature and moisture dynamics of soil are important for understanding its ______.
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Soil classification includes the description of soil ______.
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The oldest recorded study of soil in a historical context goes back to ______ B.C.
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Dokuchaev is known as the Father of Modern Soil ______
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The ABC horizon nomenclature system introduced by Dokuchaev helps classify soil ______
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E.W. Hilgard is considered the ‘Father of American Soil ______’
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Hans Jenny published 'Factors of Soil Formation' in ______
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E. Schlichting pioneered the consideration of soil as part of the ______
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Ecosystems consist of a biosystem interacting with the ______
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An aquatic ecosystem is any water-based environment where plants and animals interact with ______
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Soil properties can vary significantly at the landscape scale of ______ kilometers
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Cato emphasized the suitability of soils for ______.
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J.Von Liebig formulated the mineral theory of plant nutrition, known as the Law of ______.
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Henry Darcy developed Darcy’s Law, which describes water flow in ______.
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Joseph Henry Gilbert established the first long-term field fertilizer experiment at the ______ Experimental Station.
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F.A.Fallou is considered the founder of ______ Science.
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A ______ represents the smallest volume of soil that shows all the characteristic properties of a particular soil.
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A soil profile is a ______ body used as the standard unit of soil description.
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In pedology, a ______ typically represents an area of 10-100m2 of surface soil.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pedology
- Pedology combines soil genesis, classification, morphology, survey, mapping, and the study of soil properties.
- Biogeochemistry is a key concept; it examines the chemical processes that occur within soil across ecosystems.
Two Divergent Views of Soil
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Soil as a Non-Living Natural Body
- Organisms are temporary occupants and only contribute to soil post-mortem.
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Soil as a Living Natural Body
- Living organisms are integral to soil, influencing both biological and non-biological components.
Two Principal Approaches in Soil Study
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Pedogenetic Approach
- Investigates soil genesis and spatial properties as they occur naturally.
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Ecological Approach
- Explores the dynamics and functions of soil, emphasizing its role as a medium for plant growth.
Soil Classification
- The categorization of soils into various groups based on physical, mineralogical, and chemical properties.
- Aims to organize knowledge, simplify recall of soil properties, clarify relationships, and enhance communication and technology transfer.
Soil Morphology
- Studies color, structure, and the chemical and mineral properties of soil.
- Involves observing spatial organization within soil horizons and the dynamics of temperature and moisture.
Definition of Soil
- Formed from two Greek words: "pedos" (soil) and "logos" (study).
- Describes soil in its natural position, merging two phases of soil science.
Subdivisions of Pedology
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Soil Genesis
- Examines soil formation, influenced by historic figures like Theophrastus and Cato.
Historical Review of Soil Concepts
- Theophrastus: Introduced the term "edaphos" and studied soil impacts on plant growth.
- Cato: Developed a classification for arable soils.
- J.Von Liebig: Established agricultural chemistry and the mineral theory of plant nutrition (Law of Minimum).
- Henry Darcy: Formulated Darcy's Law, explaining water flow in soils.
- Joseph Henry Gilbert: Conducted pioneer long-term field fertilization experiments at Rothamsted.
- V.V. Dokuchaev: Father of Modern Soil Science, categorized soils through the ABC horizon system.
Soil Profile vs. Pedon
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Pedon: A 3D soil unit that represents the entire soil body (10-100 m²), reflecting all properties of a soil type.
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Soil Profile: A 2D representation of soil from surface to bedrock, displayed in vertical sections consisting of varying horizons.
Soil and Landscape
- Landscape: A three-dimensional earth section characterized by topography, rocks, soil, water, flora, and fauna.
- Landscape Pedology: Focuses on soil variability across landscapes (1-10 km scale) and material exchange processes.
Ecosystems
- Defined as natural systems where biosystems interact with geosystems.
- Aquatic Ecosystem: Describes water-based environments where plants and animals interact with chemical and physical features of water.
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Description
This quiz covers the foundational concepts of pedology, focusing on the role of open systems in supporting soil functions across various ecosystems. It also delves into biogeochemistry and the factors and processes that influence soil management and health. Test your understanding of these essential topics in soil science.
