Introduction to Pathophysiology

Increased metabolic rate after a burn injury, causing the body to burn more energy.

Damaged skin layers, often caused by extreme heat or chemicals.

Tiny blood vessels in the skin become more permeable, leading to fluid leakage.

A type of skin infection caused by a fungus, often found in warm, damp environments.

Caused by a virus, these skin lesions are usually harmless and disappear on their own.

A common skin condition caused by excess oil, clogged pores, and bacteria.

A burn that affects the outer layers of the skin, including the epidermis and part of the dermis.

A condition that happens when a burn injury causes cells to function abnormally.

Inflammation of the bone, often caused by a bacterial infection like Staphylococcus aureus. It can lead to bone destruction.

A type of osteomyelitis caused by the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the lungs to the bones through the bloodstream.

Growths in the bone that can be non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Malignant bone tumors can spread to other parts of the body.

Softening of the bones due to calcium depletion, often occurring during periods of increased calcium demand like pregnancy.

A condition where bones become weak and brittle due to loss of bone density. It makes bones prone to fractures.

Inflammation of any joint. It's the most common joint disorder, affecting millions globally.

Over 100 different types of arthritis, each categorized based on its cause, like infections, metabolic disorders, trauma, or immune disorders.

The study of diseases with a focus on understanding common conditions. This approach allows for learning principles that can be applied to similar or related illnesses.

A group of healthcare professionals specializing in different areas, who cooperate to provide comprehensive care for a patient.

A primary objective in healthcare focused on preventing diseases through proactive measures and interventions.

A detailed account of a patient's medical history, including past and present illnesses, allergies, hospitalizations, treatments, and current health status. It plays a crucial role in understanding the patient's condition and tailoring their care.

A collection of signs (objective indicators) and symptoms (subjective feelings) that occur together, indicating a particular medical condition.

A disease that develops quickly with severe symptoms. It often has a short duration, but its symptoms can be intense.

A disease that develops gradually and persists over a long period. It often has intermittent acute episodes.

Observable changes in tissues, often associated with diseases or injuries. They can help in diagnosing and understanding the progression of a condition.

A viral infection that affects peripheral nerves and muscles, causing paralysis. It targets motor neurons in the spinal cord's anterior horn, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy.

The initial damage caused by poliomyelitis, affecting motor neurons and leading to paralysis.

Damage following the initial infection, including inflammation, edema, and potentially further nerve damage.

A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting peripheral nerves, leading to anesthesia, paralysis, ulceration, and gangrene.

An inherited disorder causing muscle weakness, dysfunction, atrophy, and visual impairment due to nerve degeneration.

An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.

The ability of the spinal cord to repair itself after injury. While some regeneration occurs, it is limited in adults.

The belief that the spinal cord cannot regenerate after severe injury, a misconception that has been challenged by recent research.

Excessive movement or displacement of bone or disk into the spinal cord can cause tearing or cutting of the spinal cord.

This injury occurs when the spinal cord experiences extreme bending, straightening, or twisting, often due to whiplash or forceful impact.

This type of damage occurs due to factors like reduced blood flow, swelling, improper ion levels, and excess glutamate activity.

A brief blow to the head causing temporary confusion, dizziness, or memory loss. The injury doesn't cause permanent damage.

A spinal cord injury involving bleeding within the cord tissue due to a forceful impact.

This virus causes cold sores or fever blisters on the lips or nose.

This virus causes genital herpes, leading to lesions on the external genitalia.

This virus is responsible for chickenpox in children and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults, causing skin blisters and discoloration along nerve pathways.

A condition where the eye's lens or cornea are too strong, or the eyeball is too long, causing the focal point to be in front of the retina.

A condition where the eye's lens or cornea are too weak, or the eyeball is too short, causing the focal point to be behind the retina.

A viral disease spread through mammal bites, causing pharyngeal muscle spasms, aggression, paralysis, and death.

A progressive disorder caused by untreated syphilis, resulting in ataxia, anesthesia, and paralysis.

An autoimmune disease that causes demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. This leads to a range of symptoms like exaggerated reflexes, tremor, nystagmus, and speech defects.

Tumors originating from neuroglial cells. Symptoms can include headaches, neuralgia, paralysis, seizures, coma, and death.

A condition that occurs in children post-viral infection, often linked to aspirin use. Symptoms can include vomiting, lethargy, loss of consciousness, coma, and permanent brain damage.