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Pathology is derived from the Greek words 'pathos' meaning disease and 'logy' meaning examination.
Pathology is derived from the Greek words 'pathos' meaning disease and 'logy' meaning examination.
False
Anatomic pathology focuses on the examination of body fluids and secretions.
Anatomic pathology focuses on the examination of body fluids and secretions.
False
Clinical pathology includes the analysis of blood, urine, and milk using laboratory methods.
Clinical pathology includes the analysis of blood, urine, and milk using laboratory methods.
True
General pathology involves studying specific diseases like diabetes or atherosclerosis.
General pathology involves studying specific diseases like diabetes or atherosclerosis.
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Systemic pathology examines morphological changes in tissues and organs of a specific system due to disease.
Systemic pathology examines morphological changes in tissues and organs of a specific system due to disease.
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Diagnostic Pathology, also known as Histopathology, focuses on clinical patient care without examining tissues.
Diagnostic Pathology, also known as Histopathology, focuses on clinical patient care without examining tissues.
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Professional divisions of pathology only include medical and clinical pathology.
Professional divisions of pathology only include medical and clinical pathology.
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The term 'neoplasm' refers to a common basic change studied in General Pathology.
The term 'neoplasm' refers to a common basic change studied in General Pathology.
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Cytopathology involves the examination of samples like a Vaginal swab.
Cytopathology involves the examination of samples like a Vaginal swab.
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Post-mortem pathology is also known as hematology.
Post-mortem pathology is also known as hematology.
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Forensic pathology focuses on the medico-legal aspects of sudden death.
Forensic pathology focuses on the medico-legal aspects of sudden death.
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Physiological pathology is another term for cytopathology.
Physiological pathology is another term for cytopathology.
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Experimental pathology studies diseases induced in laboratory animals.
Experimental pathology studies diseases induced in laboratory animals.
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Lesions refer to normal structural changes in the body.
Lesions refer to normal structural changes in the body.
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Macroscopical lesions can be observed with the naked eye.
Macroscopical lesions can be observed with the naked eye.
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Pathogenesis describes the final outcome of a disease.
Pathogenesis describes the final outcome of a disease.
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Irreversible cell injury occurs when the injurious agent is mild and short-lived.
Irreversible cell injury occurs when the injurious agent is mild and short-lived.
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The point of no return in cell injury signifies that recovery is still possible for the affected cells.
The point of no return in cell injury signifies that recovery is still possible for the affected cells.
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Restoration of blood supply to myocardium after 30 to 60 minutes will always result in cell recovery.
Restoration of blood supply to myocardium after 30 to 60 minutes will always result in cell recovery.
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Necrosis is characterized by a catastrophic injury to the mechanisms that maintain cell integrity.
Necrosis is characterized by a catastrophic injury to the mechanisms that maintain cell integrity.
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Apoptosis is a result of environmental factors that trigger cell death.
Apoptosis is a result of environmental factors that trigger cell death.
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Pathogenicity refers to the capability of a pathogen to cause disease.
Pathogenicity refers to the capability of a pathogen to cause disease.
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The term 'lesion' is synonymous with diagnosis.
The term 'lesion' is synonymous with diagnosis.
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Hypertrophy is a response to decreased workload in cells.
Hypertrophy is a response to decreased workload in cells.
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The protective systems of a cell can be overwhelmed by excessive external stimuli.
The protective systems of a cell can be overwhelmed by excessive external stimuli.
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Once cell injury occurs, it is always irreversible.
Once cell injury occurs, it is always irreversible.
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Pathogenesis is the sequence of events leading to the development of a lesion.
Pathogenesis is the sequence of events leading to the development of a lesion.
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Inflammation is not part of the host defense mechanisms.
Inflammation is not part of the host defense mechanisms.
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Reversible cell injury is characterized by permanent changes in cellular structure and function.
Reversible cell injury is characterized by permanent changes in cellular structure and function.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pathology
- Pathology is derived from Greek words: pathos (disease) and logy (study)
- Pathology is a branch of biological sciences
- It studies structural and functional abnormalities in cells, tissues, organs, and body fluids
- These abnormalities result from disease
Divisions of Pathology
- In academic studies, pathology is divided into medical and comparative pathology
- In professional practice, pathology is divided into two major groups:
- Anatomic pathology (study of disease effects on cells, tissues, and organs)
- Clinical pathology (study of disease effects in body fluids and secretions using lab methods)
Branches of Anatomic Pathology
- General pathology: studies common basic changes in tissues caused by disease, including cell injury, necrosis, inflammation, and neoplasm.
- Systemic pathology: examines morphological changes in specific organ systems (e.g., respiratory, digestive, nervous) due to disease.
- Special pathology: applies general pathology knowledge to particular diseases (e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis).
- Diagnostic pathology (histopathology): studies tissue abnormalities using gross and microscopic examination of biopsy samples.
- Biopsy: tissue sample from a living body to diagnose diseases.
- Cytopathology: examines cellular changes using cytological samples (e.g., vaginal swab, laryngeal swab).
- Post-mortem pathology (autopsy/necropsy): examines a deceased body to determine cause of death.
Branches of Pathology
- Forensic pathology: investigates the cause of unexpected or sudden death.
- Physiological pathology (pathophysiology): studies how organs and systems function differently due to disease.
Experimental Pathology
- Study of illnesses created or induced experimentally in animals
- Analyze structural and functional abnormalities in body tissues
- Understand mechanisms of the underlying diseases.
Disease and Disease Circumstances
- Disease: a state where an individual deviates morphologically, biochemically, and/or physiologically from a normal status.
- Etiology: the science that deals with causes and origins of diseases, and factors that contribute to the disease or disorder.
- Lesions: abnormal structural and functional changes in the body during disease; commonly used term in pathology.
Types of Lesions
- Macroscopic lesions: observable with the naked eye (location, color, size, shape, consistency, appearance of the cut surface)
- Microscopic lesions: require a microscope for observation; quantified using terms like mild, moderate, severe, or critical.
Pathogenesis and Development of Disease
- Pathogenesis: the step-by-step development of a disease process from the beginning to its end; the mechanism by which a disease develops
- Pathogenicity: describes the ability of a pathogen to cause disease; (e.g., H5N1 influenza virus versus nonpathogenic E. coli).
Symptom, Sign, Diagnosis and Prognosis
- Symptom: a disease sign felt by the patient.
- Sign: a disease sign observed by a clinician.
- Diagnosis: identifying a disease based on signs and symptoms.
- Prognosis: prediction of the probable outcome of a disease.
Cell Injury
- Cell injury: divided into reversible and irreversible
- Reversible cell injury: changes that regress and resolve if the damaging agent is removed.
- Irreversible cell injury: cell damage progresses to the point of no return, where cell death is inevitable.
Point of No Return
- Precise moment irreversible cell injury occurs, where adaptation cannot save the cell and cell death is unavoidable
- Different types of cell injury result in different changes at the cellular level or in response to stress.
Cell Death
- Characteristics of irreversibility: inability to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, development of profound membrane disturbances.
Classification of Cell Death
- Necrosis: cell death due to catastrophic injury to cell integrity mechanisms.
- Apoptosis: genetically programmed cell death.
Summary
- Pathology involves understanding "what happened" and "how" a disease/tissue developed
- Understanding pathogenesis is crucial for rational disease management, treatment, and control.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of pathology, an essential branch of biological sciences that studies diseases and their impacts on cells, tissues, and organs. It also delineates the divisions and branches of both medical and comparative pathology, providing insights into anatomic and clinical pathology.
