Pathology Fundamentals

<p>Neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A harmful deviation from the normal structure or function of any part, system or organ of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examination of gross or macroscopic pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autolysis is caused by bacterial metabolism, while putrefaction is caused by self-digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To study microscopic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemoglobin imbibition is caused by the release of haemoglobin from lysed red blood cells, while bile imbibition is caused by the interaction of hydrogen sulphide and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukopenia = Low white blood cells Hypernatremia = High sodium levels in the blood Histopathology = The study of pathologic changes using microscopy Autolysis = Changes caused by self-digestion after death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrohemorrhagic = A process involving necrosis of the tissue and haemorrhage Diffuse = Affecting a large area Acute = Occurring less than seven days ago Colitis = Inflammation of the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Putrefaction = Changes caused by post-mortem bacterial metabolism Rigor mortis = Contraction of the muscles occurring at death Livor mortis = Pooling of blood to the downside of the body Postmortem clotting = Continued clotting after death, not adhered to vessel walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light microscopy = Used in histopathology, involves specialized microscopes Transmission EM = Two-dimensional, shows internal cell structure Scanning EM = Three-dimensional, restricted to the surface Electron microscopy = Relevant in human medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomelanosis = Blue to green discolouration of the tissue by iron sulphide Haemoglobin imbibition = Red staining tissue due to the release of haemoglobin from lysed red blood cells Bile imbibition = Bile in the gallbladder stains adjacent tissues yellowish, greenish or brown Chicken fat clot = A postmortem clot due to the separation of white and red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation = Body's response to injury, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function Healing = Occurs after inflammation, involves formation of new blood vessels and replacement of tissue by scar tissue Thrombosis = Disease process occurring within a vascular lumen, a reaction to injury involving the blood coagulation cascade and platelets Neoplasia = Refers to any new cellular growth, can be benign or malignant Necrosis = Death of tissues or cells in the living animal, can occur in all organs or just part of the organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical diagnosis = Based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs, and physical exam Clinical pathological diagnosis = Based on changes observed in the chemistry fluids and haematology and the structure and function of cells collected from the living patient Morphologic diagnosis = Based on the physical characteristics of cells and tissues, often determined through biopsy or post-mortem exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Location = Where on the body the lesion is Demarcation = Whether you can tell the lesion apart from normal tissue Distribution = How the lesion is spread across the organ Colour = Determined by the presence of cells, pigments and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aetiology = What caused the disease Pathogenesis = How the disease developed Molecular and morphological changes = Biochemical and structural alterations induced in cells and organs Clinical manifestation = Symptoms and signs of molecular and morphologic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiogenesis = Formation of new blood vessels Fibrosis = Replacement of tissue by scar tissue Epithelialization = Regenerative process that covers defects and injured skin and other epithelial surfaces Hypercoagulable state = Condition in which the blood is more likely to clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disease = Any harmful deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, system or organ of the body Pathology = The study of the structural, biochemical and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease General Pathology = Deals with the cellular responses to noxious stimuli, the same across species, organs or systems Systemic Pathology = Deals with organ systems and how those specialised organs react to noxious stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomic Pathology = Includes gross or macroscopic pathology you can see with your unaided eyes Clinical Pathology = Examination of tissues taken during biopsy or autopsy/necropsy to examine the nature and extent of the disease process Reduced Fertility in a Dairy Herd = Example of a clinical disease leading to reduced production Lesions = Any departure from normal form, whether it is clinically apparent or not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms = What the patient experiences, for example nausea Signs = What the clinician sees Noxious Stimuli = Anything that could cause harm to the body or its organs, to which cells and tissues respond Biopsy = Procedure to obtain tissues for examination to determine the nature and extent of the disease process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathology = The study of disease – the structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease Disease = Any harmful deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, system, or organ of the body Lesions = Any departure from normal form, whether it is clinically apparent or not Noxious stimuli = Harmful agents that cause cellular responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General Pathology = Deals with the cellular responses to noxious stimuli, the same across species, organs, or systems Systemic Pathology = Deals with how specialized organs react to noxious stimuli Anatomic Pathology = Includes gross or macroscopic pathology observable with unaided eyes Clinical Pathology = Involves examination of tissues taken during biopsy or autopsy/necropsy to examine the nature and extent of the disease process</p> Signup and view all the answers