Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

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Questions and Answers

What is encapsulation in the context of object-oriented programming?

The ability to use the same object in different programs.

A method of defining the state of an object.

The process of creating a class structure.

Combining data and code into a single object. (correct)

Which attribute would you expect of a clock object?

current_hour (correct)

current_day

date_format

alarm_sound

How does data hiding contribute to the integrity of an object?

It hides the entire object from external code.

It allows other objects to access private data.

It protects the object's data from accidental corruption. (correct)

It mandates that all data attributes are public.

Which method is commonly expected in a class to initialize its objects?

init Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by object reusability?

The ability to use an object across different programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of the ServiceQuote class?

Calculate and return the total estimated charges Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows you to manipulate the alarm clock’s time?

set_time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of object-oriented programming discussed in the summary?

Hiding attributes from code outside a class Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the ServiceQuote class, what is the purpose of the method that calculates sales tax?

To compute additional fees on service Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute is NOT specifically mentioned as part of the ServiceQuote class information?

Vehicle color Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of procedural programming?

Writing programs made of functions that perform specific tasks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes attributes in object-oriented programming?

Information that describes an object's state Signup and view all the answers

How are methods defined in the context of an object?

As procedures that perform operations on data attributes Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a class in object-oriented programming?

A blueprint used to create an object Signup and view all the answers

What method is automatically called when an object is passed to the print function?

str method Signup and view all the answers

Which method type allows modification of a data attribute within a class?

Mutator methods Signup and view all the answers

What does an instance attribute refer to in a class?

A value specific to an individual object of a class Signup and view all the answers

How are parameters for the init method typically defined?

They correspond to the initial attributes of the instance. Signup and view all the answers

In a class, what is the purpose of accessor methods?

To safely retrieve values of data attributes Signup and view all the answers

If multiple instances of a class are created, what can be said about their attributes?

They each have their unique set of attributes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the str method?

Initializing an object with attributes Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the BankAccount class regarding its balance?

It starts with an initial balance set at creation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the init method in a class definition?

To automatically execute when an instance is created Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the term 'self' in a class method?

It refers to the specific instance the method operates on Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a private data attribute in a class?

It prevents direct access from outside the class using double underscores Signup and view all the answers

How do you create a new instance of a class?

My_instance = Class_Name() Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to store classes in modules?

Modules allow reusability of code across different programs Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you use the dot notation with an instance of a class?

It calls the specified method that affects that instance Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a class definition to follow naming conventions?

Class names should begin with an uppercase letter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about class definitions is accurate?

A class definition begins with class class_name: Signup and view all the answers

What is passed when an object is passed as an argument to a function or method?

A reference to the object Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of UML diagrams in object-oriented programming?

To graphically represent the structure of classes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a step in identifying classes in a problem?

Listing relevant nouns and filtering for potential classes Signup and view all the answers

What should the top section of a UML diagram represent?

The name of the class Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is included in the written description of the problem domain?

Any or all physical objects, roles, and events Signup and view all the answers

Why is refining the list of identified nouns important in class identification?

To focus only on relevant classes for the problem Signup and view all the answers

What may the data attributes in a class represent in a UML diagram?

Properties that define the state of an object Signup and view all the answers

How can methods of an object be accessed when it is passed as an argument?

Directly by calling the object's methods Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Programming

Procedural programming involves writing programs using functions to perform specific tasks.
Object-oriented programming focuses on creating objects that contain data and procedures (methods).

Classes and Instances

A class acts as a blueprint for creating objects.
An instance is a specific object created from a class.
Similar to how a blueprint defines a house, a class defines the structure of an object.

Class Definitions

Class definitions describe the structure and characteristics (attributes) of a class.
Class names begin with an uppercase letter.
Methods are like functions within a class.
__init__ is a special method, automatically called when creating a new instance.
The self parameter is included within each method.

Data Attributes and Methods

Data attributes describe the properties or characteristics of an object.
Methods in a class define the actions or functions performed on the object's data attributes.
Specific attributes can be accessed using the self parameter.

Hiding Attributes

Attributes or data inside an object, should be hidden, using the double underscore prefix __

Storing Classes in Modules

Classes can be saved in separate .py files (modules).
Modules allow programmers to import specific classes into other programs

Designing Classes

UML diagrams are used for visually representing object-oriented systems.
The structure of the UML class diagram shows the class name, data attributes, and methods.
Consider real-world objects and their interactions to determine the data attributes and the methods to be included in the class.
Examine the problem domain to determine the roles, actions, and data attributes of a class.

Working with Instances

Instance attributes belong to particular instances of a class.
Attributes are created when a method uses the self parameter to create data attributes associated to the class or object.
Each instance of a class has its own unique set of instance attributes.

Passing Objects as Arguments

Methods within a class can accept another object or a reference to another object as a parameter.
Passing an object as an argument means a reference to the object is passed.
The receiving function can use the object's attributes and methods, possibly changing its data attribute.

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Description

This quiz delves into the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) compared to Procedural Programming. It covers concepts like classes, instances, methods, and data attributes, providing a solid overview for beginners. Perfect for students learning programming concepts.