Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Goals and Principles

• The main goal of OOP is to organize and structure code in a way that is easy to maintain, modify, and reuse.
• Clean code in OOP aims to make the code easy to read, understand, and modify by using simple and concise language.

Object-Oriented Programming in Python

• The simplest form of OOP in Python is creating a class with attributes and methods.

Functions in Programming

• A function definition consists of a function name, parameters, and a block of code to be executed.
• The purpose of using functions in programming is to organize code, reduce repetition, and make it reusable.
• A value-returning function is a function that returns a value to the caller.
• In a non-value-returning function, a return statement is not needed, and the function will return None by default.

Arguments and Return Statements

• Keyword arguments are used when calling a function to specify the values of specific parameters.
• The purpose of using keyword arguments is to make the code more readable and flexible.
• The difference between positional and keyword arguments is that positional arguments are assigned based on their position, whereas keyword arguments are assigned based on their parameter names.
• When calling a function with keyword arguments, each argument requires a parameter name.
• The purpose of a return statement in a function is to send a value back to the caller.

Functions and Error Handling

• When a score outside the range 0-100 is passed to the printGrade function, it will not work as expected and may raise an error.
• A None function returns None when it's called.
• When calling a function, it is necessary to work with its parameters by passing the correct values and handling any potential errors.