Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Goals and Principles

• The main goal of OOP is to organize and structure code in a way that is easy to maintain, modify, and reuse.
• Clean code in OOP aims to make the code easy to read, understand, and modify by using simple and concise language.

Object-Oriented Programming in Python

• The simplest form of OOP in Python is creating a class with attributes and methods.

Functions in Programming

• A function definition consists of a function name, parameters, and a block of code to be executed.
• The purpose of using functions in programming is to organize code, reduce repetition, and make it reusable.
• A value-returning function is a function that returns a value to the caller.
• In a non-value-returning function, a return statement is not needed, and the function will return None by default.

Arguments and Return Statements

• Keyword arguments are used when calling a function to specify the values of specific parameters.
• The purpose of using keyword arguments is to make the code more readable and flexible.
• The difference between positional and keyword arguments is that positional arguments are assigned based on their position, whereas keyword arguments are assigned based on their parameter names.
• When calling a function with keyword arguments, each argument requires a parameter name.
• The purpose of a return statement in a function is to send a value back to the caller.

Functions and Error Handling

• When a score outside the range 0-100 is passed to the printGrade function, it will not work as expected and may raise an error.
• A None function returns None when it's called.
• When calling a function, it is necessary to work with its parameters by passing the correct values and handling any potential errors.

Learn the fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and how it seeks to define a program in terms of the objects in the problem, their needs, and capabilities. Explore how OOP helps organize code and its relevance in dealing with large data, multiple CPUs, and complex algorithms.