Introduction to Nursing History
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Questions and Answers

What significant contribution did Leman Birol make to nursing education?

  • She developed new surgical techniques.
  • She created a nursing certification program.
  • She authored basic nursing textbooks. (correct)
  • She established a nursing school.

    • Which criterion is NOT part of the defining elements of nursing as a professional discipline?

  • Personal financial success (correct)
  • Ongoing research
  • Recognized authority by a professional group
  • Code of ethics

    • What does Standard 4 of Professional Performance and Practice focus on?

  • Assessment of patient needs
  • Evaluation of patient outcomes
  • Implementation of care plans
  • Development of individualized care plans (correct)

    • Which statement best describes the nature of nursing as a profession?

    <p>Nursing requires a comprehensive understanding of specific and unique knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of a registered nurse according to the standards of professional practice?

    <p>To administer patient care with quality and professionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects the service orientation required in professional nursing?

    <p>Prioritizing patient needs and health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Standard 7 of Professional Performance emphasize?

    <p>Ethical practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nursing practice incorporate cultural considerations according to the standards?

    <p>Practice is congruent with cultural diversity and inclusion principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant accomplishment of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War?

    <p>She organized and improved sanitation facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nursing profession in hospitals at the end of the 18th century?

    <p>Nursing responsibilities were primarily performed by unpaid family members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major contribution of Florence Nightingale to nursing education?

    <p>She established the first nursing training school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Florence Nightingale impact morbidity and mortality rates during her time?

    <p>Through the implementation of her environmental health principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Florence Nightingale commonly referred to as during the Crimean War?

    <p>The Lady with the Lamp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was founded in London in 1800, marking a significant advancement in medical education?

    <p>The Royal College of Surgeons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way did nursing care primarily occur before the 19th century?

    <p>At home by ill patients’ relatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical health issue did Florence Nightingale link to poor sanitation through her statistical analyses?

    <p>Cholera and dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who initiated the first formal nursing education program in Turkey?

    <p>Besim Ömer Akalın Pasha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the duration of the nursing education program initiated by the American Bristol Health School in Turkey?

    <p>Two and a half years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the first bachelor-degree program in nursing open in Turkey?

    <p>1955</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was established in 1933 to enhance the professionalization of nursing in Turkey?

    <p>Turkish Nurses Association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did Esma Deniz make to nursing in Turkey?

    <p>She founded multiple nursing schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing school was the first to open in Turkey in 1961?

    <p>Florence Nightingale School of Nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Perihan Velioğlu was known for her contributions in which specific area of nursing?

    <p>Surgical nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant milestone for nursing education in Turkey achieved in 1972?

    <p>First nursing doctorate program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary responsibility of a registered nurse concerning communication?

    <p>Communicates effectively in all areas of practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a standard concerning the contribution to nursing practice quality?

    <p>Quality of Practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which degree program takes the longest to complete for entry-level nursing in the United States?

    <p>Bachelor's Degree in Nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an LPN or LVN in patient care?

    <p>Provides client care under supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum program length for an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)?

    <p>2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which area does the standard of Environmental Health for registered nurses focus?

    <p>Practicing in a way that is environmentally safe and healthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required of registered nurses to maintain their competencies?

    <p>Continuously seek knowledge and competence that reflects current practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a standard of professional performance for registered nurses?

    <p>Patient Advocacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum duration of the nursing graduate program in Turkey?

    <p>4 years and 4600 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role does a master’s degree in nursing primarily support?

    <p>Nurse administrator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas has seen an increasing need for nurses with doctoral degrees?

    <p>Nursing informatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does accountability in nursing imply?

    <p>Taking responsibility for nursing actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about autonomy in nursing is correct?

    <p>It involves independent nursing interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus area for nurses in their professional responsibilities?

    <p>Health promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of doctorates can nurses pursue following a master's degree?

    <p>Doctor of Nursing Practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which course type is emphasized in the baccalaureate nursing program apart from basic sciences?

    <p>Clinical nursing theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a caregiver in nursing?

    <p>To help patients manage disease and attain independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the advocacy role of a nurse?

    <p>Defending patients’ rights and assisting in decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of nurses as educators?

    <p>To explain health concepts and evaluate learning progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does effective communication impact nursing roles?

    <p>It is crucial for meeting needs of patients and families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of the manager role within nursing?

    <p>Establishing collaborative and patient-centered care environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the importance of career development in nursing?

    <p>Lifelong learning is encouraged for state-of-the-art patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nursing standards of practice primarily describe?

    <p>Competent levels of nursing care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roles incorporates providing assistance in patient treatment decisions?

    <p>Advocate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Nursing

    • Nursing is an art and a science
    • Nursing is a healthcare profession focused on individual, family, and community care to help achieve, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life
    • Nurses play a critical role in patient care, working closely with other healthcare professionals (doctors, pharmacists, therapists)
    • Nursing career opportunities are limitless, including clinical practice, education, research, management, administration, and innovation

    Historical Highlights

    • 4000 BC: Primitive societies, mother-nurses worked with priests
    • 2000 BC: Babylonia and Assyria used wet nurses
    • 800-600 BC: Health religions of India
    • 700 BC: Greece, source of modern medical science
    • 460 BC: Hippocrates
    • 3 BC: Ireland, pre-Christian nursing
    • AD 390: Fabiola, founded first hospital
    • 390-407: Early Christianity, deaconesses
    • 711: Field hospital with nursing, Spain
    • 1100: Ambulatory clinics, Spain (Moslems)
    • 1440: First Chairs of Medicine, Oxford and Cambridge
    • 1522: Military nursing orders
    • 1600-1752: Deterioration of hospitals and nursing
    • 1633: Founded: Daughters of Charity
    • 1820: Florence Nightingale born
    • 1826: Kaiserwerth deaconesses reestablished
    • 1837: First American college for women, Mount Holyoke
    • 1841: Founded: Nursing Sisters of the Holy Cross
    • 1848: Women's Rights Convention, Seneca Falls, New York
    • 1854-1856: Crimean War
    • 1859: Nightingale's Notes on Nursing published in England
    • 1860: First Nightingale School of Nursing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London
    • 1861-1865: Civil War, United States

    Evolution of Nursing

    • Early Civilizations: Nursing dates back to 4000 BC, mother-nurses worked with priests, and wet nurses were used in 2000 BC
    • Ancient Greece: Ancient Greeks built temples and priestesses attended to those housed in the temples. Nursing was done by women in the home
    • Roman Empire: Hospitals were first established, caregivers had no formal training in therapeutic modalities, and volunteered their time

    Middle Ages

    • Hospitals in large Byzantine cities were staffed primarily by paid male assistants and male nurses, but in the rural parts of the Eastern Roman Empire and the West, nursing was viewed as a job for women

    Renaissance

    • Interest in arts and sciences emerged in AD 1400-1550
    • Universities were established
    • Nursing schools were not founded
    • Women continued to fulfill the traditional role of nurturer/caregiver in the home

    Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution

    • Medical schools, including the Royal College of Surgeons in London, were founded in 1800
    • Nursing was considered unseemly for women
    • Most nursing care was performed in the home by female relatives of the ill

    Florence Nightingale

    • Founder of modern nursing
    • Wealthy upper-class family in England during the mid-1800s
    • Interested in relieving suffering and caring for the sick
    • Became a nurse despite societal and family objections
    • Established the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration
    • Implemented principles in nursing practice and environmental modifications during the war, reducing morbidity and mortality rates.
    • Organized and improved the quality of sanitation at Barracks Hospital in Scutari, Turkey reducing mortality from 42.7% to 2.2% in 6 months.
    • Established the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St Thomas' Hospital in London, which was the first nursing school providing theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building
    • First practicing nurse epidemiologist
    • Statistical analyses connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery
    • Volunteered during the Crimean War and travels to battlefield hospitals at night carrying her lamp.

    Twentieth Century

    • Beginning of the 20th century brought changes influencing contemporary nursing
    • Concepts of third-party payments and pre-paid health insurance were instituted
    • Public Health Nursing gained importance
    • Nursing became more specialized and autonomous
    • Reports were issued concerning nursing education and practice
    • Nursing education moved from the hospital setting to higher education institutions

    The History of Nursing in Turkey

    • Besim Ömer Akalın Pasha emphasized the need for special training in nursing education in Turkey. The very first formal six-month nursing education program start in 1911
    • American Bristol Health School opened a 2.5-year nursing education program for the American Hospital in 1920
    • Kızılay Nursing School (established due to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's efforts in 1925).
    • Other nursing schools opened in the 1940s and 1950s.
    • First bachelor-degree program in nursing opened in 1955 at Ege University
    • Florence Nightingale School of nursing opened in 1961 at Istanbul University
    • Master's degree program in nursing began in 1968
    • First nursing doctorate program began in 1972 at Hacettepe University School of Nursing.
    • Turkish Nurses Association (TNA) was established in 1933 and became a member of International Council of Nurses (ICN) in 1949

    Leader Nurses in Turkey

    • Esma Deniz was the first nurse to graduate and postgraduate from a university
    • Perihan Velioğlu receive training in surgical nursing in England, returning to Turkey with many innovations in the field of surgery
    • Leman Birol was the first tile of nurse professor from Boston University. She was one of the founders of the Oncology Nursing Association and wrote numerous basic nursing textbooks

    Nursing Education

    • Educational preparation for nursing practice involves various programs globally.
    • Two entry-level programs available in the United States: licensed practical nurse (LPN) or vocational nurse (LVN) and registered nurse (RN)
    • An LPN or LVN is trained in basic nursing skills, receives guidance and works under supervision of a RN or other healthcare practitioner.
    • RN candidates graduate from state-approved programs, many accredited nationally
    • Associate degree program in the United States usually is a 2-year program typically offered by a university or community college.
    • Bachelor's degree program usually involves 4 years of study in a college or university.
    • Graduates from both programs take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN® to become RNs

    Post-Graduate Education

    • Post-graduate education includes master's or doctoral degree programs in nursing
    • A master's degree is important for roles like nurse educator and nurse administrator.
    • Doctoral-degree programs in nursing prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical practice, basic research, and theory.

    Nursing Professional Responsibilities and Roles

    • Nurses provide care and comfort in all health care settings, focusing on patient needs, health promotion, disease/symptom management, family support and end-of-life care
    • Autonomy: Independent nursing interventions without medical orders.
    • Accountability: Professional and legal responsibility for nursing care quality and type.
    • Nurse as a Caregiver: Assist patients maintain/regain health, manage diseases/symptoms and attain maximum levels of functioning
    • Nurse as an Advocate: Protecting patient's human and legal rights and assisting patients/families

    Nursing Roles (continued)

    • Educator: Explain health concepts, facts, reasons behind care activities, and practice procedures. Communicate with patients, families, other nurses, and the community.
    • Manager: Establish collaborative patient-centered care environments to provide quality care with positive patient outcomes.
    • Career Development: Lifelong learning opportunities to provide state-of-the-art care and career advancement possibilities.

    Standards of Practice

    • Authoritative statements that describe competent nursing care based on the nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes Identification, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

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    Description

    Explore the evolution of nursing from ancient times to the present. This quiz covers key historical milestones, the development of nursing as a profession, and the critical role nurses play in healthcare today. Test your knowledge on the fascinating journey of nursing through the ages.

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