18 Questions
What are the five types of endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary and the hormones they secrete?
The five types are somatotropes (GH), lactotropes (PRL), gonadotropes (LH and FSH), corticotropes (ACTH), and thyrotropes (TSH).
What are trophic hormones and how do they affect growth?
Trophic hormones are hormones that directly affect growth either as hyperplasia or hypertrophy on the tissue they are stimulating.
What is the role of hypophysiotropic hormones?
Hypophysiotropic hormones stimulate the release of other hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
Which hypophysiotropic hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Where is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) synthesized in the brain?
TRH is synthesized within parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
What is the function of folliculostellate cells in the anterior pituitary?
Folliculostellate cells are thought to stimulate and support the endocrine cell populations.
What is the role of TRH in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?
Stimulating the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin.
Describe the function of CRH in the stress response.
CRH is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
What is the main role of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?
Stimulating the pituitary gland to produce and release growth hormone.
How does corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) contribute to the HPA axis?
By stimulating the synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the pituitary gland.
What is the significance of the hypophyseal portal system in hormone regulation?
It allows hormones like TRH to travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary directly.
How does growth hormone influence metabolism and growth in the body?
By stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the liver and other organs.
What is the role of somatostatin in the regulation of growth hormone?
Inhibits the secretion of growth hormone from somatotrope cells
How do somatostatin neurons in the periventricular nucleus mediate negative feedback effects on growth hormone?
Respond to high circulating concentrations of growth hormone and somatomedins by increasing somatostatin release
Explain the concept of negative feedback in hormone regulation.
Product feeds back to decrease its own production to maintain normal levels.
What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to stimulate the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Describe the sequence of events that leads to the secretion of thyroid hormones.
Hypothalamus secretes TRH, which stimulates pituitary to produce TSH, then TSH stimulates thyroid gland to secrete hormones.
Give an example of a physiological process regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.
Body temperature regulation
Test your knowledge on the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary including somatotropes, lactotropes, gonadotropes, corticotropes, and thyrotropes. Explore the functions of trophic hormones and non-endocrine folliculostellate cells in neuroendocrinology.
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