Introduction to Networks Exam: Modules 4-7
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the OSI physical layer?

To transmit raw bitstreams over a physical medium.

Why are two strands of fiber used for a single fiber optic connection?

One for sending data and one for receiving data.

Which characteristic describes crosstalk?

Interference from adjacent wires.

Which procedure is used to reduce the effect of crosstalk in copper cables?

<p>Twisting the pairs of wires together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the situation with the appropriate use of network media.

<p>High-speed data transfer = Fiber-optic cable Cost-effective in small networks = Twisted-pair cable Wireless communication = Radio waves Long-distance communication = Coaxial cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which three factors could influence the differences in throughput?

<p>Interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two characteristics of fiber-optic cable?

<p>Supports longer distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of the Physical layer in transmitting data on the network?

<p>To convert digital data into signals for transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes crosstalk within the cable pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper wire?

<p>Electromagnetic interference from adjacent wires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cabling is shown in the graphic?

<p>To be determined by the graphic reference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two factors could interfere with communication carried over UTP cables?

<p>Electromagnetic interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two devices commonly affect wireless networks?

<p>Access points</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two statements describe the services provided by the data link layer?

<p>Frame synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the CRC value found in the FCS field of a frame?

<p>To detect errors in the frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the trailer of a data-link frame?

<p>Frame check sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a characteristic of the frame header fields of the data link layer?

<p>Contains information necessary for frame delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which topology provides high availability and connects some, but not all, remote sites?

<p>Partial mesh topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two fields or features does Ethernet examine to determine if a received frame is passed to the data link layer or discarded by the NIC?

<p>Destination MAC address</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which media communication type does not require media arbitration in the data link layer?

<p>Broadcast communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an extended star topology?

<p>A topology where multiple star networks are connected to a central node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the LLC sublayer?

<p>It handles logical link control functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three ways that media access control is used in networking?

<p>Error correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the encapsulation process, what occurs at the data link layer for a PC connected to an Ethernet network?

<p>The data is framed for transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three items are contained in an Ethernet header and trailer?

<p>Destination MAC address</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication rule best describes CSMA/CD?

<p>Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which three basic parts are common to all frame types supported by the data link layer?

<p>Trailer</p> Signup and view all the answers

The CSMA/CD access method used in Ethernet is binary exponential backoff.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the auto-MDIX feature on a switch?

<p>It automatically configures ports to support either straight-through or crossover cables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the destination MAC address of the Ethernet frame as it leaves the web server if the final destination is PC1?

<p>To be determined by the specific network configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of memory buffering would work best for switching between a 1000BASE-T port and a 100Base-T network?

<p>Store-and-forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of the cut-through switching method?

<p>Classical cut-through</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which frame forwarding method receives the entire frame and performs a CRC check to detect errors before forwarding?

<p>Store-and-forward switching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FCS field in a frame?

<p>To ensure error detection during data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which switching method has the lowest level of latency?

<p>Cut-through</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which three statements are correct about the final result of connecting two modern switches using a straight-through cable?

<p>Link will be established successfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage does the store-and-forward switching method have compared with the cut-through method?

<p>It provides greater error detection capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using the store-and-forward method of switching, what part of the Ethernet frame is used to perform an error check?

<p>Frame check sequence (FCS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which switching method uses the CRC value in a frame?

<p>Store-and-forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two actions performed by a Cisco switch?

<p>Forwarding frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two statements describe features or functions of the logical link control sublayer in Ethernet standards?

<p>Manages error correction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the auto-MDIX feature?

<p>It automatically configures a port for straight-through or crossover connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using the cut-through switching method instead of the store-and-forward method?

<p>Lower latency in data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a multicast MAC address?

<p>01:00:5E:xx:xx:xx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wrong with the displayed termination?

<p>To be determined by the specific network reference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of UTP cables can be used to connect the devices?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which port does Switch0 use to send frames to the host with the IPv4 address 10.1.1.5?

<p>To be determined by the specific network configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'attenuation' mean in data communication?

<p>The reduction of signal strength over distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting buildings?

<p>Longer distances without degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the process by which one wave modifies another wave?

<p>Amplitude modulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the capacity at which a medium can carry data?

<p>Bandwidth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the measure of the transfer of bits across a medium over a given period of time?

<p>Throughput.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the amount of time, including delays, for data to travel from one point to another?

<p>Latency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time?

<p>Goodput.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the physical medium which uses electrical pulses?

<p>Copper cabling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the physical medium that uses the propagation of light?

<p>Fiber optics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OSI physical layer term describes the physical medium for microwave transmissions?

<p>Microwave frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two functions are performed at the MAC sublayer of the OSI data link layer?

<p>Frame delimiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI data link layer?

<p>Logical addressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action will occur if a switch receives a frame with the destination MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF?

<p>The switch will flood the frame to all ports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action will occur if a switch receives a frame with the destination MAC address 01:00:5E:00:00:D9?

<p>The frame will be forwarded to the multicast group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action will occur if a host receives a frame with a destination MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF?

<p>The host will process the frame as a broadcast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action will occur if a switch receives a frame and does not have the source MAC address in the MAC table?

<p>The MAC address will be added to the table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action will occur if a host receives a frame with a destination MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF?

<p>The host will process the frame as a broadcast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action will occur if a host receives a frame with a destination MAC address it does not recognize?

<p>The host will discard the frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of UTP cable is used to connect a PC to a switch port?

<p>Straight-through cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

OSI Model and Physical Layer

  • The OSI physical layer serves as the foundation for data transmission, defining how bits are transmitted over the physical medium.
  • Attenuation refers to the reduction in signal strength over distance in data communication.
  • Fiber-optic cables utilize two strands for transmission and reception, allowing full-duplex communication.

Crosstalk and Media Access

  • Crosstalk is the interference that occurs when signals from one cable affect another, leading to data errors.
  • Techniques such as twisted pairs and shielding in copper cables help minimize crosstalk.
  • Media with no requirement for arbitration in the data link layer includes point-to-point communication methods.

Network Topologies and Devices

  • Extended star topology provides high availability by connecting various remote sites to a main point, but not all sites are interconnected.
  • Wireless networks can be affected by devices like microwaves and cordless phones, which can disrupt signals.

Frame Structure and Switching

  • The frame header contains essential information for data link layer operations, including source and destination MAC addresses.
  • Common fields in all frame types include source and destination addresses, and Frame Check Sequence (FCS).
  • Store-and-forward switching checks the entire frame for errors before forwarding, while cut-through switching offers lower latency since it begins forwarding before the entire frame is received.

Ethernet and MAC Functions

  • The MAC sublayer controls access to the physical medium and helps regulate the flow of data.
  • The Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer manages communication between the network layer and the MAC sublayer, handling framing and error control.
  • CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) is a network access method used in Ethernet that helps manage data collisions.

Fiber Optics vs. Copper

  • Fiber optics are preferred over copper for long-distance communication due to lower attenuation and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
  • Light-based transmission in fiber optics allows for higher bandwidth and faster data rates compared to electrical signals in copper cables.

Switch and Frame Handling

  • A switch responding to a broadcast MAC address (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) will forward the frame to all connected ports.
  • Switches may drop frames with unrecognized destination addresses if they are not documented in the MAC table.
  • Ethernet headers and trailers contain critical information like MAC addresses and error-checking data, impacting how data frames are processed.

Miscellaneous Concepts

  • The auto-MDIX feature allows switches to automatically detect the type of cable connected and adjust accordingly, simplifying network setup.
  • The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field contains a CRC value used to detect errors in transmitted frames, ensuring data integrity.

Communication Definitions

  • The measure of data transferred over time is known as throughput, while bandwidth refers to the maximum data transfer capacity.
  • Latency refers to the delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Ethernet concepts as outlined in Modules 4 to 7 of the 'Introduction to Networks' course. This exam covers the OSI model, fiber optics, crosstalk, and other critical networking concepts. Get ready to demonstrate your understanding of these fundamental topics in networking.

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