Introduction to Nanotechnology
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Questions and Answers

Which energy source is associated with minimal environmental impact and sustainable benefits?

  • Fossil Fuels
  • Coal Energy
  • Wind Energy (correct)
  • Nuclear Energy

What is a potential consequence of an energy crisis?

  • Increase in job opportunities
  • Oil price increase (correct)
  • Higher production of knowledge
  • Decrease in domestic good prices

Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of the energy crisis?

  • Political Events
  • Aggressive Marketing (correct)
  • Overpopulation
  • Aging Infrastructure

Which of the following effects is most likely to contribute to poverty during an energy crisis?

<p>Increase in lending rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the negative outcomes associated with the depletion of foreign reserves in an energy crisis?

<p>Devaluation of currency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement that defines a nanometer?

<p>One billionth of a meter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'nanotechnology'?

<p>Norio Taniguchi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscopy creates 3D images of particles?

<p>Scanning Electron Microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy technique allows for images with greater resolution?

<p>Transmission Electron Microscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the first Scanning Tunneling Microscope?

<p>Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of nanoscience?

<p>Manipulating materials at the nanometer scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fullerenes commonly used for?

<p>Lithium-based batteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of a dry spell characterized by three consecutive months of significantly below normal rainfall?

<p>3-5 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scanning tunneling microscopy apply to achieve its imaging?

<p>Voltage bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following energies is classified as a non-renewable resource?

<p>Natural Gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the flooding that inundates normally dry land?

<p>Excessive rain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy mentioned?

<p>Magnetic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which season does the establishment of certain climate patterns typically start in the northern hemisphere?

<p>Winter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique property makes carbon nanotubes suitable for spacecraft materials?

<p>High strength-weight ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major indicator of global climate change?

<p>Global average temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the discovery of carbon nanotubes?

<p>Sumio Iijima (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What weather phenomenon occurs due to temperature changes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean?

<p>La Niña (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does graphene have?

<p>Hexagonal lattice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which typhoon is known as Haiyan?

<p>Yolanda (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental concern is associated with nanomaterials?

<p>High-energy requirements for synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant physiological concern linked to exposure to graphene?

<p>Damage to the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbon structure is a fullerene?

<p>Spherical carbon-caged structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of nanomaterials mentioned?

<p>Biological based (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does exposure to certain nanomaterials have on crops?

<p>Growth delays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nanotechnology in food packaging materials according to the content?

<p>To provide a biodegradable option that protects food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of climate change as described in the content?

<p>Long-term changes in expected weather patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes eccentricity in the context of climate change?

<p>Deviation of a curve or orbit from circularity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct impact of climate change mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased natural phenomena (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human activity directly contributes to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

<p>Deforestation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does nanoparticle TiO2 have when exposed to UV light?

<p>It transforms airborne toxins into safe residues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ocean currents play in climate change?

<p>They distribute heat around the globe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a consequence of industrial processes on climate change?

<p>Reduction of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases is NOT mentioned as a greenhouse gas in the content?

<p>Nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of introducing new efficiencies through nanotechnology?

<p>It reduces resource usage and waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is primarily emitted through agricultural activities, significantly impacting climate change?

<p>Methane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon contributes to the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Increased greenhouse gases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does El Nino influence weather patterns?

<p>It is associated with extreme climatic variability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the development at UP, Ateneo, and La Salle regarding solar cells?

<p>Exploring solid-state nanomaterials and dye-sensitized materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a drought condition?

<p>Three consecutive months of way below normal rainfall. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do volcanic eruptions have on climate?

<p>They discharge Carbon Dioxide and aerosols. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nanotechnology

A field focused on manipulating materials at the atomic and molecular level to create new substances with enhanced properties.

Biodegradable Packaging

Packaging materials that decompose naturally in the environment, reducing waste and pollution.

What is Climate Change?

Significant long-term shifts in average weather patterns of a region over an extended period.

Global Warming

The gradual increase in Earth's average temperature due to excess heat being trapped in the atmosphere.

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Greenhouse Gases

Atmospheric gases that trap heat and contribute to global warming.

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What are the Impacts of Climate Change?

Climate change impacts include both direct effects on ecosystems and indirect effects like poverty and conflict.

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Direct Impact of Climate Change

The direct, observable effects of climate change on natural phenomena, like ecosystems and their relationships.

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Indirect Impact of Climate Change

The secondary consequences of climate change that are not directly related to natural phenomena, such as poverty and conflicts.

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AFM

Atomic Force Microscopy, a technique used to image surfaces, similar to STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy).

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Carbon Nanotubes

Cylindrical structures made of linked hexagonal shapes of carbon atoms. Discovered by Sumio Iijima.

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Fullerenes

Spherical carbon cages with 60 or more carbon atoms. Known for their heat resistance and superconductivity. Discovered by Harold Kroto, Sean O’Brien, Robert Curl, and Richard Smalley.

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Graphene

A one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Known for its strength and conductivity. Discovered by Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov.

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Nanocomposite Materials

Materials combining nanoparticles with other materials to enhance their properties. Led by Dr. Blessie A.

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What are some concerns regarding nanotechnology?

Concerns include environmental implications, potential toxicity, and the lack of trained personnel.

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What are examples of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials?

Carbon-based nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and graphene.

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What are the different classes of Nanomaterials?

Classes of nanomaterials include carbon-based, inorganic-based, organic-based, and composite-based.

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Nanoscience

The study and manipulation of phenomena and materials at the nanoscale.

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Nanometer (nm)

A unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a meter, or 10 raised to the power of -9 meters.

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What does 'nano' come from?

The Greek word 'nanos' meaning 'dwarf'.

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What was Richard Feynman's speech about?

Richard Feynman presented a speech titled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” about manipulating small particles, later published in 1960.

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Electron Microscope

A tool used in nanotechnology to view samples by bombarding them with electrons and monitoring either scattering or transmission effects.

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Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

A microscope developed in 1981 that uses an electrical probe to generate 3D images of surfaces at the atomic level.

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Buckminsterfullerene

A type of fullerene, often called a 'buckyball,' with a spherical structure resembling a soccer ball.

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Deforestation

The permanent removal of trees from a forested area for other uses like agriculture or development.

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Volcanic Eruptions

A natural event where molten rock, ash, and gases are released from a volcano.

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El Nino

A climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean characterized by unusually warm surface waters, which can lead to extreme weather events around the globe.

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Climate Indicators of El Nino

Specific changes in weather patterns that indicate the presence of El Nino, such as delayed rainy seasons and weaker monsoons.

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Fossil Fuels

Combustible materials like coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of ancient organisms, which release greenhouse gases when burned.

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Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change

Human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes that contribute to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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Solar Energy

Energy derived from the sun's radiation, harnessed using photovoltaic cells or solar thermal systems.

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Geothermal Energy

Energy extracted from the Earth's internal heat, used for power generation and heating.

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Wind Energy

Energy produced by harnessing the kinetic energy of wind using wind turbines.

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Biomass Energy

Energy derived from organic matter, such as wood, crops, and animal waste, through combustion or bioconversion.

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Hydroelectric Energy

Energy generated from the movement of water, usually using dams and turbines.

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La Niña

A climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures, opposite to El Niño.

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Dry Spell

A period of three or more consecutive months with significantly below-average rainfall.

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Temperature Trends

Global average temperature is a key indicator of climate change.

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Glacial Melt and Sea Level Rise

Melting glaciers and ice sheets contribute to sea level rise, along with thermal expansion of ocean water.

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Flooding

Excess water inundates normally dry land due to heavy rain, dam failure, rapid ice melt, or overflowing rivers.

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Renewable Energy

Energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydropower.

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Non-Renewable Energy

Energy sources that are finite and will eventually be depleted, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy.

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Study Notes

Nanotechnology Background

  • Nano- originated from the Greek word "nanos" meaning dwarf
  • 1 nanometer (nm) measures a billionth of a meter (10⁻⁹ m)
  • Nanoscience studies phenomena and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale
  • Nanotechnology focuses on understanding and controlling matter at atomic and molecular levels, from 1 to 100 nm

Historical Figures and Concepts

  • Richard Feynman presented a speech, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" in 1959, discussing manipulating small particles
  • Norio Taniguchi coined the term "nanotechnology" in 1974
  • The National Nanotechnology Institute was the first federal agency focused on nanotechnology

Microscopy Tools

  • Electron microscopes bombard samples with electrons, observing scattering or transmission effects
  • Scanning electron microscopy creates 3D images of particles
  • Transmission electron microscopy produces 2D images with high resolution

Carbon Nanomaterials

  • Carbon-based nanomaterials include nanotubes and fullerenes (buckyballs)
  • Fullerenes are spherical carbon molecules and often antioxidants
  • Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical structures in hexagonal shapes, with strong structural properties
  • Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon with wide potential applications

Nanomaterials Issues

  • Lower recovery and recycling rates are issues
  • Shortage of trained engineers and workers are problems in the field
  • Environmental implications, such as toxic substances, are concerns
  • High-energy requirements for synthesis are potential drawbacks
  • Behavioral and physiological changes in water are worries
  • Exposure to nanomaterials can cause negative effects on the environment and humans

Nanotechnology in specific areas

  • Nanotechnology is used in lithium-based batteries.
  • Nanotechnology-led researchers in the Philippines are working on solar devices based on nanomaterials.
  • Nanocomposite materials are being studied for environmentally friendly food packaging.

Climate Change and Its Impacts

  • Global warming, the slow increase in Earth's average temperature, is caused by rising levels of greenhouse gases.
  • Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, and orbital changes
  • Anthropogenic causes include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes
  • Climate change leads to several issues, such as delayed rainy seasons, drought, and extreme weather patterns
  • El Nino is a large-scale oceanographic phenomenon that causes extreme climatic variations

Energy Crisis and Its effects

  • Energy crisis arises from limited supplies of non-renewable resources or rise in their prices
  • Non-renewable resources include petroleum, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy
  • Renewable energy resources are inexhaustible, including solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric energy
  • Causes of energy crisis include overconsumption, infrastructure damage, political events, and terrorism
  • Energy crisis may lead to unexpected power outages, oil price increases, inflation and economic uncertainty.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of nanotechnology, its definitions, historical figures, and significant concepts. This quiz covers key tools used in nanoscience, such as electron microscopy, and the unique properties of carbon nanomaterials. Discover how the study of matter at the nanoscale is revolutionizing science and technology.

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