Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is credited with proposing nanotechnology in the 1950s?
Who is credited with proposing nanotechnology in the 1950s?
- Richard Feynman (correct)
- Walter G. Rosen
- John McCarthy
- Norio Taniguchi
What is the size of a nanometer in meters?
What is the size of a nanometer in meters?
1 x 10^-9 meters
Match the following materials with their properties:
Match the following materials with their properties:
Carbon Nanotubes = Stronger and lighter materials (100 times stronger than steel) Fe oxide/ Co-Fe Oxide = Magnetic storages TiO2 films = Photocatalyst Silica coated surface Enhance Raman Scattering (SERS) = Biomarker Nanoscale Al powder = Propellant Indium Tin Oxide = Used in nanowires and products [Sunscreen, Drug Delivery]
Climate Change can be caused by both man-made and natural factors.
Climate Change can be caused by both man-made and natural factors.
What does GMO stand for?
What does GMO stand for?
Who is known as the Father of AI?
Who is known as the Father of AI?
STEM Cells are blank cells that are ______ and capable of differentiation.
STEM Cells are blank cells that are ______ and capable of differentiation.
Disinformation refers to unintentional deception.
Disinformation refers to unintentional deception.
What is the warming effect of Green House Gases expected to last?
What is the warming effect of Green House Gases expected to last?
Who proposed the concept of nanotechnology in the 1950s?
Who proposed the concept of nanotechnology in the 1950s?
What is the size range of nano materials in nanoscience?
What is the size range of nano materials in nanoscience?
What device was used for observing atom behaviors for the first time?
What device was used for observing atom behaviors for the first time?
Match the following materials with their applications:
Match the following materials with their applications:
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) include only plants.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) include only plants.
Who is known as the Father of Artificial Intelligence?
Who is known as the Father of Artificial Intelligence?
What is the main cause of Climate Change according to the text?
What is the main cause of Climate Change according to the text?
Flashcards
Nanoscience Definition
Nanoscience Definition
The study of materials with dimensions between 1-100 nanometers (nm).
Nanotechnology Definition
Nanotechnology Definition
Control and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale to produce new materials with special properties.
Top-Down Nanotechnology
Top-Down Nanotechnology
Breaking down larger materials into smaller ones.
Bottom-Up Nanotechnology
Bottom-Up Nanotechnology
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Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotubes
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Biodiversity Definition
Biodiversity Definition
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GMO Definition
GMO Definition
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Gene Therapy Goal
Gene Therapy Goal
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Stem Cell Definition
Stem Cell Definition
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Information Age
Information Age
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
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Climate Change Definition
Climate Change Definition
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Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect
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Study Notes
Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience: Study of properties of materials with dimensions between 1-100 nanometers (nm)
- Nanotechnology: The ability to control and manipulate materials at the nanoscale to create new materials with unique properties
- Richard Feyman: Proposed the concept of nanotechnology in 1950
- Norio Taniguchi: Coined the term "nanotechnology" in 1970
- Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM): Used to observe atomic behavior for the first time; 1 nm = 1 x 10^(-9) meters
Ways of Viewing the Microscope
- Light Microscope
- Scanning Electron Microscope
- Transmission Electron Microscope
Approaches in Studying Nanotechnology
- Top-Down: Breaking down bulk materials into smaller pieces (Taniguchi's approach)
- Bottom-Up: Building up materials from individual atoms or molecules (Feyman's approach)
Common Materials in Nanotechnology
- Carbon Nanotubes: Stronger and lighter materials, 100 times stronger than steel
- Fe oxide/ Co-Fe Oxide: Magnetic storage devices
- TiO2 films: Photocatalysts
- Silica coated surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS): Biomarkers
- Nanoscale Al powder: Propellant
- Indium Tin Oxide: Used in nanowires and products, such as sunscreen and drug delivery
Biodiversity
- Definition: Variety of life forms on earth, including species, genetics, and ecosystems
- Walter G. Rosen: Defined biodiversity in 1986
- Main Types:
- Species: Different species within an ecosystem, including abundance and distribution
- Genetics: Variety of genes within a species, including genetic traits and alleles
- Ecosystem: Variety of habitats and ecological processes
- Threats:
- Climate Change
- Land use changes
- Pollution
- Resource Expedition
- Exotic Species
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Selective Breeding: Humans select mating partners for desired outcomes
- Biotechnology: Use of biological systems to modify products
- Genetic Engineering: Allows specific genes and DNA to be transferred for desired outcomes
- Living Modified Organisms (LMOs): Human-experimented modifications
- GMO in industries:
- Pest Resistant
- Virus Resistant
- Herbicide Tolerance
- Fortification
- Cosmetic Preservation
- Increase Production
- Impacts of GMOs:
- Benefits:
- Higher efficiency
- Control fertility
- Increase food processing
- Nutritional and pharmaceutical enhancements
- Risks:
- Inadequate study
- Promotes mutation, long-term effects are unknown
- Human reactions
- Gene mutation
- Antibiotic resistance
- Change in nutritional value
- Benefits:
Gene Therapy
- Definition: Seeking an alteration of genes to detect, prevent, or cure gene-related diseases
- History:
- 1980s: Bacteria cultivation
- 1990s: First gene therapy to cure SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)
- Types:
- Somatic Gene Therapy: Insertion of therapeutic DNA into all cells
- Germline Gene Therapy: Modification of genes inside germ cells
- Two Approaches:
- Ex Vivo: Transfer of genes in cultured cells
- In Vivo: Gene injected into the body
- Current Status:
- FDA has not approved any human gene therapy for sale due to safety concerns
- Problems:
- Short-lived
- Immune response
- Viral vectors
- Multigene disorders
STEM Cells
- Definition: Blank cells that can self-renew into different specialized cells
- History:
- 1998: First extracted from human embryos
- 1999: Successful insulin-making cell transplant
- 2001: Bush restricted research
- 2002: California begins research
- 2004: Harvard researches on cells
- 2005: Woo Suk Hwang claims successful therapeutic cloning
- 2006: Shinya Yamanaka discovers method to make embryonic-like cells from adult cells
- 2009: Lift STEM cell research
- 2010: First successful treatment with STEM cells
- 2013: Human embryonic cell from fetal cells
- Challenges:
- Differentiation control
- Scalability and standardization
- Immunological compatibility
- Tumorgenicity risk
- Delivery and engraftment
- Long-term efficacy and safety
Information Age
- Definition: The age of information, also known as the "computer age" or "digital age"
- History:
- Post-WWII (1946)
- Development of computers and internet
- Key Figures:
- Steve Wozniak: Designed a simple computer
- Steve Jobs: Named the computer Apple and sold it
- Bill Gates: Stole the computer software
- US Department of Defense: Made the internet for easy communication in 1971
- Age of Disruption:
- 2010: 4th Generation (4G) transfer was invented
- Social media was widely spread
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Definition: Imitating how humans think, also known as "computer brains"
- John McCarthy: Father of AI
- Ethical Issues:
- Privacy
- Accuracy
- Property
- Accessibility
- Disinformation and Fake News:
- Disinformation: intentional swindling
- Misinformation: unintentional deception
- Mal-information: wrong information supplied
- Fake News: false stories to deceive
- Post-Truth Era: era where truth is not true
Climate Change
- Definition: Long-term change in atmospheric variables
- Causes:
- Internal: Anthropogenic and natural factors
- External: Phenomena from outer space
- Green House Gases:
- CO2
- Methane
- CFC
- Warming effect lasts 100 years, while cooling effect lasts 1 week
- Effects:
- Ozone depletion
- Acid deposition
- Thermal inversion
- Global warming
- Rainfall patterns changing
- Sea levels rising
- More extreme weather
- Philippine Actions:
- National Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
- Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (DRRMP)
- Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729)
- Established Climate Change Commission (CCC)
- Environmental Laws:
- RA 6969: Toxic substance and hazardous and nuclear waste control act of 1990
- RA 9003: Ecological solid waste management of 2000
- RA 9275: Clean water act of 2004
- RA 8749: Philippine clean air act of 1999
Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience: Study of properties of materials with dimensions between 1-100 nanometers (nm)
- Nanotechnology: The ability to control and manipulate materials at the nanoscale to create new materials with unique properties
- Richard Feyman: Proposed the concept of nanotechnology in 1950
- Norio Taniguchi: Coined the term "nanotechnology" in 1970
- Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM): Used to observe atomic behavior for the first time; 1 nm = 1 x 10^(-9) meters
Ways of Viewing the Microscope
- Light Microscope
- Scanning Electron Microscope
- Transmission Electron Microscope
Approaches in Studying Nanotechnology
- Top-Down: Breaking down bulk materials into smaller pieces (Taniguchi's approach)
- Bottom-Up: Building up materials from individual atoms or molecules (Feyman's approach)
Common Materials in Nanotechnology
- Carbon Nanotubes: Stronger and lighter materials, 100 times stronger than steel
- Fe oxide/ Co-Fe Oxide: Magnetic storage devices
- TiO2 films: Photocatalysts
- Silica coated surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS): Biomarkers
- Nanoscale Al powder: Propellant
- Indium Tin Oxide: Used in nanowires and products, such as sunscreen and drug delivery
Biodiversity
- Definition: Variety of life forms on earth, including species, genetics, and ecosystems
- Walter G. Rosen: Defined biodiversity in 1986
- Main Types:
- Species: Different species within an ecosystem, including abundance and distribution
- Genetics: Variety of genes within a species, including genetic traits and alleles
- Ecosystem: Variety of habitats and ecological processes
- Threats:
- Climate Change
- Land use changes
- Pollution
- Resource Expedition
- Exotic Species
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Selective Breeding: Humans select mating partners for desired outcomes
- Biotechnology: Use of biological systems to modify products
- Genetic Engineering: Allows specific genes and DNA to be transferred for desired outcomes
- Living Modified Organisms (LMOs): Human-experimented modifications
- GMO in industries:
- Pest Resistant
- Virus Resistant
- Herbicide Tolerance
- Fortification
- Cosmetic Preservation
- Increase Production
- Impacts of GMOs:
- Benefits:
- Higher efficiency
- Control fertility
- Increase food processing
- Nutritional and pharmaceutical enhancements
- Risks:
- Inadequate study
- Promotes mutation, long-term effects are unknown
- Human reactions
- Gene mutation
- Antibiotic resistance
- Change in nutritional value
- Benefits:
Gene Therapy
- Definition: Seeking an alteration of genes to detect, prevent, or cure gene-related diseases
- History:
- 1980s: Bacteria cultivation
- 1990s: First gene therapy to cure SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)
- Types:
- Somatic Gene Therapy: Insertion of therapeutic DNA into all cells
- Germline Gene Therapy: Modification of genes inside germ cells
- Two Approaches:
- Ex Vivo: Transfer of genes in cultured cells
- In Vivo: Gene injected into the body
- Current Status:
- FDA has not approved any human gene therapy for sale due to safety concerns
- Problems:
- Short-lived
- Immune response
- Viral vectors
- Multigene disorders
STEM Cells
- Definition: Blank cells that can self-renew into different specialized cells
- History:
- 1998: First extracted from human embryos
- 1999: Successful insulin-making cell transplant
- 2001: Bush restricted research
- 2002: California begins research
- 2004: Harvard researches on cells
- 2005: Woo Suk Hwang claims successful therapeutic cloning
- 2006: Shinya Yamanaka discovers method to make embryonic-like cells from adult cells
- 2009: Lift STEM cell research
- 2010: First successful treatment with STEM cells
- 2013: Human embryonic cell from fetal cells
- Challenges:
- Differentiation control
- Scalability and standardization
- Immunological compatibility
- Tumorgenicity risk
- Delivery and engraftment
- Long-term efficacy and safety
Information Age
- Definition: The age of information, also known as the "computer age" or "digital age"
- History:
- Post-WWII (1946)
- Development of computers and internet
- Key Figures:
- Steve Wozniak: Designed a simple computer
- Steve Jobs: Named the computer Apple and sold it
- Bill Gates: Stole the computer software
- US Department of Defense: Made the internet for easy communication in 1971
- Age of Disruption:
- 2010: 4th Generation (4G) transfer was invented
- Social media was widely spread
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Definition: Imitating how humans think, also known as "computer brains"
- John McCarthy: Father of AI
- Ethical Issues:
- Privacy
- Accuracy
- Property
- Accessibility
- Disinformation and Fake News:
- Disinformation: intentional swindling
- Misinformation: unintentional deception
- Mal-information: wrong information supplied
- Fake News: false stories to deceive
- Post-Truth Era: era where truth is not true
Climate Change
- Definition: Long-term change in atmospheric variables
- Causes:
- Internal: Anthropogenic and natural factors
- External: Phenomena from outer space
- Green House Gases:
- CO2
- Methane
- CFC
- Warming effect lasts 100 years, while cooling effect lasts 1 week
- Effects:
- Ozone depletion
- Acid deposition
- Thermal inversion
- Global warming
- Rainfall patterns changing
- Sea levels rising
- More extreme weather
- Philippine Actions:
- National Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
- Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (DRRMP)
- Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729)
- Established Climate Change Commission (CCC)
- Environmental Laws:
- RA 6969: Toxic substance and hazardous and nuclear waste control act of 1990
- RA 9003: Ecological solid waste management of 2000
- RA 9275: Clean water act of 2004
- RA 8749: Philippine clean air act of 1999
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