Questions and Answers
How does frequency division multiplexing (FDM) enable multiple signals to share a common medium?
By assigning each signal a specific frequency or band of frequencies called a channel.
What best describes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)?
It is a multicarrier transport scheme in which narrowband carriers (subcarriers) are modulated independently, and then multiplexed together.
In what type of installation is wide wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM) used?
It is used in passive optical networks (PON).
Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) applications were expanded to include use in large metropolitan networks, utilizing wavelengths in what band?
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The most commonly used dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels in broadband cable networks are in which band?
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What determines the length of a time division multiplexing (TDM) frame?
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What is an inefficient characteristic of synchronous time division multiplexing (TDM) that is addressed by statistical TDM?
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In a synchronous optical network (SONET), what is the basic building block having a data transmission rate of 51.84 Mbps?
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What is an X.25 network, whether public or private, typically built upon?
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What are the units called that transport asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) data?
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Study Notes
Frequency and Multiplexing Techniques
- Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) allows multiple signals to share a medium by assigning specific frequency bands to each signal, known as channels.
- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) utilizes multiple narrowband carriers, which are independently modulated and combined, enhancing data transmission efficiency.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
- Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WWDM) is typically implemented in Passive Optical Networks (PON), facilitating increased data transmission over optical fibers.
- Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) is used in large metropolitan networks and operates within the E-band wavelengths, providing flexibility for various applications.
- Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) primarily uses C-band wavelengths (1,530 to 1,565 nm) for broadband cable networks, allowing for high-volume data transfer.
Time Division Multiplexing Characteristics
- The length of a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) frame is dictated by the number of input channels connected to the multiplexer, which determines data transmission structure.
- Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing is criticized for inefficiencies, such as transporting empty time slots, an issue that Statistical TDM seeks to address by dynamically allocating time slots based on traffic needs.
Networking Protocols
- In a Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), the fundamental unit for data transmission is the Synchronous Transport Signal (STS) frame, which carries data at a rate of 51.84 Mbps.
- X.25 networks, whether utilized in public or private contexts, are generally established on the foundation of leased-line facilities from public telephone networks, providing structured communication pathways.
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) data is transmitted using units called cells, which effectively manage the flow of information in this networking protocol.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of multiplexing with these flashcards. Learn about frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) through concise definitions and explanations.
