Introduction to Motor Learning

<p>It helps learners develop a personal awareness of their performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An internal representation of a motor action and its sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trial-and-error attempts are common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improving efficiency and accuracy in movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge of results (KR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performance becomes highly consistent and automatic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular and sporadic practice without focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of distractions can hinder learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in efficient error correction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to forcefully shorten and pull on attachment points</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to respond to a stimulus such as a motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not address the storage of motor programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized Motor Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The forces of muscle contractions and their order of involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced motor command from the motor cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot produce new movements without prior experience in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recruit muscle fibers not activated by voluntary effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invariant features remain constant while parameters are flexible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input, response selection, movement programming, execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The player selects an invariant GMP and modifies parameters for specific conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It remains invariant regardless of the speed or amplitude of the movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faster strokes require a consistent ratio of muscle activation duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invariant features = Characteristics of a motor program that remain constant across variations Parameters = Flexible elements that can be adjusted for different conditions Response selection = Choosing the appropriate GMP from long-term memory Movement programming = Setting specific parameters for executing a selected GMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative timing = The rhythm or timing of movement that remains consistent Temporal organization = The arrangement of movement segments that stays the same Muscle activation = The response of muscles during different speeds of movement Total duration = The complete time taken to perform a motor action</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right hand = Parameter used to modify grip during the stroke Power = Parameter adjusted to control the force of the shot Angle = Parameter that determines the trajectory of the ball Aim = Parameter that focuses on the target location of the stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input = The initial stimulus that prompts movement Stimulus Identification = Recognizing and assessing the stimulus received Response Selection = Choosing the appropriate response from memory Movement Programming = Planning and parameterizing the selected response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast stroke = Involves quicker muscle activation and reduced total duration Slow stroke = Features slower muscle activation with longer total duration Invariant set of ratios = The relationships between parts of the action remain constant Adjustable parameters = Allows for changes to fit different playing conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contractility = The ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten Excitability = The ability to respond to a stimulus Central fatigue = Reduced motor command from motor cortex Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) = A test of muscle strength under stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles involved = Particular muscles that participate in an action Order of activation = The sequence in which muscles are involved Forces of contraction = Strength of muscle contractions Timing = Relative timing and sequencing of contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage problem = How to store countless motor programs for future use Novelty problem = Producing novel movements not represented in memory Generalized motor program = A stored pattern adjusted during movement Open-loop system = Execution of instructions without modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stored pattern = A basic template for movements Environmental adjustments = Changes made to meet specific demands Invariant features = Characteristics that do not change Parameters = Adjustable components in the movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles can pull = Muscles contract to create movement Responding to impulses = Excitability allows reaction to stimuli Fatigue effects = Decrease in strength and responsiveness Initiating actions = Commands from motor cortex during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central fatigue = Reduced output from the brain Peripheral fatigue = Reduced function of the muscles directly Mental fatigue = Cognitive depletion affecting performance Physical fatigue = Diminished capability due to exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle participation = Selection of muscles for action Mechanical timing = Coordination of contraction timing Force levels = Determination of contraction strength Movement duration = Length of each contraction's application</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open-loop system = Instructions executed rapidly without change Motor program = Pre-structured commands guiding movement Movement variability = Adapting actions to differing conditions Feedback prominence = Importance of results in learning motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers