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Questions and Answers
Which of these terms refers to a change in position or location of any physical entity?
Which of these terms refers to a change in position or location of any physical entity?
Which of these terms involves goal-directed movements that are intentional and voluntary?
Which of these terms involves goal-directed movements that are intentional and voluntary?
Which of these terms describes a rapid, involuntary response to a specific stimulus?
Which of these terms describes a rapid, involuntary response to a specific stimulus?
Which of these terms represents the general capacity of an individual related to the performance of tasks?
Which of these terms represents the general capacity of an individual related to the performance of tasks?
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Blinking is considered a motor skill.
Blinking is considered a motor skill.
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Walking on a tightrope requires both physical and psychomotor abilities.
Walking on a tightrope requires both physical and psychomotor abilities.
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Motivation, concentration, and information processing are examples of physical abilities.
Motivation, concentration, and information processing are examples of physical abilities.
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Successful motor skill performance usually relies on a single ability.
Successful motor skill performance usually relies on a single ability.
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Motor equivalence refers to the ability to perform the same action with different muscles.
Motor equivalence refers to the ability to perform the same action with different muscles.
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Motor variability means that the same skill is performed exactly the same way every time.
Motor variability means that the same skill is performed exactly the same way every time.
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Motor consistency indicates a high level of accuracy and predictability in achieving the desired outcome.
Motor consistency indicates a high level of accuracy and predictability in achieving the desired outcome.
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Motor modifiability involves the ability to adjust a movement based on feedback during the action.
Motor modifiability involves the ability to adjust a movement based on feedback during the action.
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What is the difference between "movement" and "skill"?
What is the difference between "movement" and "skill"?
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Give an example of a psychomotor ability required for playing a musical instrument.
Give an example of a psychomotor ability required for playing a musical instrument.
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What is the significance of motor modifiability in sports?
What is the significance of motor modifiability in sports?
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What are the two main aspects of motor learning?
What are the two main aspects of motor learning?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a motor skill?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a motor skill?
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What is the ability to perform the same action in multiple ways known as?
What is the ability to perform the same action in multiple ways known as?
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Which of the following is an example of a psychomotor ability?
Which of the following is an example of a psychomotor ability?
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Physical abilities are often highly modifiable through training.
Physical abilities are often highly modifiable through training.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a movement?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a movement?
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What is the difference between a skill and an ability?
What is the difference between a skill and an ability?
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Blinking is an example of a motor skill.
Blinking is an example of a motor skill.
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Which characteristic of motor skills describes the ability to adapt movement for different situations?
Which characteristic of motor skills describes the ability to adapt movement for different situations?
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What is the term for the natural variations that occur when the same skill is performed repeatedly?
What is the term for the natural variations that occur when the same skill is performed repeatedly?
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Give an example of a skill learned in this course.
Give an example of a skill learned in this course.
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A high level of skill always implies a high level of ability.
A high level of skill always implies a high level of ability.
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Why is it important to distinguish between movements, skills, abilities, and reflexes?
Why is it important to distinguish between movements, skills, abilities, and reflexes?
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Which of the following terms describes a change in position or location of any physical entity?
Which of the following terms describes a change in position or location of any physical entity?
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What is the primary goal of a motor skill, according to the text?
What is the primary goal of a motor skill, according to the text?
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Which of the following is NOT an ability?
Which of the following is NOT an ability?
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Which of the following are considered 'psychomotor' abilities?
Which of the following are considered 'psychomotor' abilities?
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What characteristic of motor skills allows for variations in execution while still achieving the same outcome?
What characteristic of motor skills allows for variations in execution while still achieving the same outcome?
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Performing a 100m dash requires only one physical ability.
Performing a 100m dash requires only one physical ability.
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Motor consistency refers to the ability to learn new motor skills.
Motor consistency refers to the ability to learn new motor skills.
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Abilities can be improved through training.
Abilities can be improved through training.
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Motor modifiability refers to adapting a movement pattern in the middle of an action for better accuracy.
Motor modifiability refers to adapting a movement pattern in the middle of an action for better accuracy.
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course name: Motor Learning (PHYL 4518)
- Semester: Fall 2024
- Instructor: Zoe Chan, PhD
- Instructor email: [email protected]
- Week number: 2
Course Content
- Physiological (motor control): Executing and monitoring movements. This involves the body's physiological and biomechanical systems.
- Psychological (motor learning): Acquiring, planning, initiating, and modifying movements. This involves the mind's information processing systems.
- Unit 1: Fundamentals of motor behavior, motor skills, and motor learning.
Learning Objectives
- Define and differentiate between movements, skills, reflexes and abilities, with practical examples.
Movement vs Skill
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Movement: Any change in the position or location of a physical entity, either voluntary or involuntary, active or passive.
- Examples: blinking, using scissors, walking a tightrope, hip flexion.
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Skill: Goal directed movement requiring the mind, with emphasis on minimum outlay of energy or time.
- Examples: blinking is a reflex, and is not a skill, using scissors is a skill.
- Skills require intention and effort.
Motor Skills
- Goal-directed movements: Skills are intentional and voluntary, with the mind playing a key role in initiating and producing the movements.
- Muscle contractions: Skills require movement of joints/body segments via muscle contractions.
- Learn or relearn: Motor skills are learned or re-learned.
Characteristics of Motor Skills
- Motor equivalence: Ability to perform a skill or action in multiple ways, utilizing flexible muscle and joint recruitment to reach the same outcome. (e.g., catching a ball with either hand).
- Motor variability: Variations in movement patterns when repeating a task, which are observable in trajectories, endpoints, and joint angles.
- Motor consistency: Performance consistency in executing the same skill repeatedly, achieving similar outcomes consistently.
- Motor modifiability: Capability of altering a movement pattern while executing it for a new action goal.
Abilities
- General capacity: The broad capability an individual possesses concerning task performance.
- Potential vs. performance: Possessing an ability does not guarantee skilled performance. A high skill level necessitates a strong ability.
- Underlying motor skills: Abilities operate in harmony or individually as underpinnings of motor skills.
- Types of abilities: e.g. muscle strength (weightlifting performance), agility (running speed and cardiorespiratory fitness), reaction time (e.g., shuttle run).
Physical Abilities
- Predominantly based on physiological and anatomical characteristics.
- Highly modifiable through training (e.g., muscle strength, muscle mass).
- Some are static, like stature, and less modifiable through training.
Psychomotor Abilities
- Cognitive processes involving movement.
- Examples: hand-eye coordination, reaction time, dexterity.
- Crucial for tasks like catching a ball, driving, playing a musical instrument.
Psychological Abilities
- Behavioral/psychological characteristics contributing to successful motor performance.
- Difficult to quantify compared to physical abilities.
- Essential in various scenarios, like motivation, concentration, and speed of decision-making.
Combining Abilities
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Successful motor skill performance often includes several abilities.
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Example: Agility, running speed, and cardio-respiratory fitness combines for efficient performance.
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MovementChange in position or location of any physical entity, voluntary or involuntary.Blinking (involuntary), walking on a tightrope (voluntary), hip flexion.
Motor SkillGoal-directed, intentional, voluntary movements requiring joint/body segment actions.Using scissors, driving a car, playing the piano.
SkillThe ability to achieve an outcome with maximum certainty and minimal energy/time expenditure.Weightlifting (certainty + energy efficiency), playing darts (high precision).
AbilityGeneral capacity related to task performance, not always resulting in skilled performance.Agility, running speed, cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., shuttle run).
Physical AbilitiesBased on physiological and anatomical traits, modifiable through training or genetic factors.Muscle strength, maximal oxygen uptake, muscle mass.
Psychomotor AbilitiesMovement-related abilities requiring cognitive processing.Hand-eye coordination, reaction time, dexterity (e.g., catching a ball, playing a musical instrument).
Psychological AbilitiesBehavioral and psychological traits affecting motor performance.Motivation, concentration, decision-making speed.
Motor EquivalencePerforming the same action using different muscles or methods.Writing with dominant vs. non-dominant hand, catching a ball with one hand or two.
Motor VariabilityNatural variation in performing the same skill repeatedly.Differences in stroke timing during swimming across laps.
Motor ConsistencyRepeatedly achieving the same outcome in skill performance.Consistent free-throw shooting in basketball.
Motor ModifiabilityAdjusting movement patterns to achieve a new goal, even mid-action.Altering your swing to hit a curveball in baseball.
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1. Physiological Aspect:
- This relates to the body's ability to execute and monitor movements.
- It includes the motor control systems, such as muscle contractions, coordination, and biomechanical adjustments necessary for movement execution.
2. Psychological Aspect:
- This relates to the mind's role in acquiring, planning, initiating, and modifying movements.
- It involves cognitive processes like attention, memory, decision-making, and learning strategies essential for mastering motor skills.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of motor behavior, motor skills, and motor learning in this quiz for PHYL 4518. You'll define and differentiate between movements, skills, reflexes, and abilities, with practical examples. Prepare to explore both the physiological and psychological aspects of motor control.
