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Questions and Answers
What does morphology primarily focus on, according to the Greek origin of the word?
What does morphology primarily focus on, according to the Greek origin of the word?
- The sounds of words.
- The history of words.
- The forms of words. (correct)
- The meaning of words.
Which of the following best describes the role of morphology in linguistics?
Which of the following best describes the role of morphology in linguistics?
- Examining the internal structure of words. (correct)
- Studying word origins.
- Classifying the various types of sounds in language.
- Analyzing sentence structures.
Morphology is considered an area of grammar. What is its main concern within this context?
Morphology is considered an area of grammar. What is its main concern within this context?
- The structure of words and relationships between them. (correct)
- The social context in which language is used.
- The historical development of languages.
- The proper punctuation of sentences.
According to Bauer (2019), which of the following is NOT a way in which a word can be defined?
According to Bauer (2019), which of the following is NOT a way in which a word can be defined?
Bauer identifies four properties of English words. Which of the following is one of those properties?
Bauer identifies four properties of English words. Which of the following is one of those properties?
According to Carstairs-McCarthy (2002), what makes words basic units of language?
According to Carstairs-McCarthy (2002), what makes words basic units of language?
What is a 'word-token,' as described in the content?
What is a 'word-token,' as described in the content?
What is the key difference between a 'word-type' and a 'word-token'?
What is the key difference between a 'word-type' and a 'word-token'?
What is a 'lexeme' in morphology?
What is a 'lexeme' in morphology?
Which of the following is the best example of different word-forms belonging to the same lexeme?
Which of the following is the best example of different word-forms belonging to the same lexeme?
Which of the following would be considered lexical items?
Which of the following would be considered lexical items?
What is one characteristic that lexical items must include?
What is one characteristic that lexical items must include?
How does the concept of 'lexeme' relate to the words 'speak,' 'speaking,' and 'spoke'?
How does the concept of 'lexeme' relate to the words 'speak,' 'speaking,' and 'spoke'?
In the sentence, 'The cat sat on the mat,' how many word tokens are present?
In the sentence, 'The cat sat on the mat,' how many word tokens are present?
If 'green,' 'greener,' and 'greenest' are all forms of the same lexeme, what does this illustrate about morphology?
If 'green,' 'greener,' and 'greenest' are all forms of the same lexeme, what does this illustrate about morphology?
Considering idioms as lexical items suggests that:
Considering idioms as lexical items suggests that:
Why are phrasal verbs like 'take part' considered lexical items?
Why are phrasal verbs like 'take part' considered lexical items?
What is the significance of listing words in dictionaries (lexical items), according to Carstairs-McCarthy?
What is the significance of listing words in dictionaries (lexical items), according to Carstairs-McCarthy?
Which property of English words, according to Bauer, relates most closely to how words are used in constructing sentences?
Which property of English words, according to Bauer, relates most closely to how words are used in constructing sentences?
Considering the lexeme 'WRITE', which list contains only its word-forms?
Considering the lexeme 'WRITE', which list contains only its word-forms?
Flashcards
What is morphology?
What is morphology?
The study of the internal structure of words.
What is a word?
What is a word?
A unit of language that speakers store in the mind to communicate.
How is a word defined?
How is a word defined?
A sound structure, internal integrity, meaning, or sentence structure.
Words as basic units of language
Words as basic units of language
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Word Token
Word Token
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Word-type
Word-type
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Lexeme
Lexeme
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Lexical items
Lexical items
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Study Notes
What is Morphology?
- Morphology comes from the Greek word "morphē," signifying "form."
- It is the study of the internal structure of words.
- Morphology is a grammar area which studies the structure of words and relationships between words through the morphemes composing them (Carstairs-McCarthy 2002).
- It is the study of basic forms of language (Yule 2010).
- Morphology is essentially the study of word structures in a language.
What is a Word?
- Speakers know and mentally store thousands of words in a "mental lexicon" to communicate.
- Words are groups of letters with meaning that are preceded and followed either by a blank space or punctuation.
- Words are parts of sentences that build a sentence.
- Bauer (2019) defines words on properties relating to sound structure (phonology), internal integrity, meaning (semantics), and sentence structure (syntax).
- According to Bauer, English words have four properties: they are entities with a part of speech specification, syntactic atoms in a sentence structure, usually have one main stress, and are usually invisible units with no intervening material possible.
- Carstairs-McCarthy (2002) views words as basic language units in that they have unpredictable meanings and must be in dictionaries (lexical items).
- Words are building blocks for phrases and sentences.
Word Forms
- Word-token refers to the same word occurring multiple times.
- Word-type/word-form means each word is counted once, irrespective of repetition.
- Lexeme is an abstraction that conveys the lexical meaning such as ‘go' and ‘went’ coming from the same word ‘go’.
- The lexeme GO has five word-forms: go, went, gone, going, goes.
- The lexeme GREEN has three word-forms: green, greener, greenest.
- The lexeme WALK has four word-forms: walk, walks, walked, walking.
Lexical Items
- Lexical items include items formed by lexicalization of syntactic structures in word-like items.
- Idioms (e.g., make someone's mind: decide) are lexical items.
- Phrasal verbs (e.g., take part: participate) are lexical items.
- Fixed figurative expressions (e.g., be between a rock and a hard place, having only two unpalatable options) are lexical items.
- Proverbs (e.g., When in Rome, do as the Romans do) are lexical items.
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