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Questions and Answers
Animal signals demonstrate a clear connection between the message and the signal used.
Animal signals demonstrate a clear connection between the message and the signal used.
True (A)
Humans have a limited ability to create new expressions and utterances.
Humans have a limited ability to create new expressions and utterances.
False (B)
Animals can manipulate their signals creatively to adapt to new situations.
Animals can manipulate their signals creatively to adapt to new situations.
False (B)
Human language is organized into two levels: physically meaningless sounds and meaningful units.
Human language is organized into two levels: physically meaningless sounds and meaningful units.
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The property of discreteness in language means that the meanings change continually.
The property of discreteness in language means that the meanings change continually.
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Humans possess reflexivity, which allows them to reflect on language and communication.
Humans possess reflexivity, which allows them to reflect on language and communication.
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Language is an inherent ability that humans are born with, requiring no learning from others.
Language is an inherent ability that humans are born with, requiring no learning from others.
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Animals can segment their signals into smaller units to create new messages.
Animals can segment their signals into smaller units to create new messages.
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The descriptive approach to grammar evaluates language based on users' actual usage.
The descriptive approach to grammar evaluates language based on users' actual usage.
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In English, nouns can express a distinction in number through singular and triplet forms.
In English, nouns can express a distinction in number through singular and triplet forms.
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Grammar includes the principles that govern the formation of syntactic structures.
Grammar includes the principles that govern the formation of syntactic structures.
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The parts of speech in traditional grammar include nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and conjunctions, among others.
The parts of speech in traditional grammar include nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and conjunctions, among others.
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In English, nouns are classified exclusively by gender based on their form.
In English, nouns are classified exclusively by gender based on their form.
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Grammatical gender in languages like Polish is based purely on the biological sex of the nouns it represents.
Grammatical gender in languages like Polish is based purely on the biological sex of the nouns it represents.
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Hungarian is a language that distinguishes between masculine and feminine genders.
Hungarian is a language that distinguishes between masculine and feminine genders.
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In Sursurunga, the distinction of number is similar to that in most Indo-European languages.
In Sursurunga, the distinction of number is similar to that in most Indo-European languages.
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Voice, as a traditional concept in grammar, refers to the perspective of the verb in relation to its subject.
Voice, as a traditional concept in grammar, refers to the perspective of the verb in relation to its subject.
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The term 'person' refers to distinctions made between the speaker, addressee, and third party.
The term 'person' refers to distinctions made between the speaker, addressee, and third party.
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English uses grammatical gender in the same way as Polish and German.
English uses grammatical gender in the same way as Polish and German.
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In languages with the dual number, there are separate pronouns for pairs.
In languages with the dual number, there are separate pronouns for pairs.
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Agreement in a sentence only refers to the relationship between the subject and verb.
Agreement in a sentence only refers to the relationship between the subject and verb.
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There are only two tenses in English: past simple and future simple.
There are only two tenses in English: past simple and future simple.
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The voice of a verb indicates whether the subject is the doer or the recipient of the action.
The voice of a verb indicates whether the subject is the doer or the recipient of the action.
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In English, the singular subject must always agree in number with the verb.
In English, the singular subject must always agree in number with the verb.
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Anaphora refers to the act of referring forward.
Anaphora refers to the act of referring forward.
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Cataphora allows a speaker to refer to something in the future.
Cataphora allows a speaker to refer to something in the future.
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Presupposition hinges on the knowledge that the speaker believes the listener possesses.
Presupposition hinges on the knowledge that the speaker believes the listener possesses.
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Linguistic forms such as imperative mood are only used to make statements.
Linguistic forms such as imperative mood are only used to make statements.
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The statement 'She is an excellent dancer' presupposes that she is not a dancer.
The statement 'She is an excellent dancer' presupposes that she is not a dancer.
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John Austin proposed the concept of speech acts.
John Austin proposed the concept of speech acts.
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Pepe's statement about wine indicates he has never stopped drinking it.
Pepe's statement about wine indicates he has never stopped drinking it.
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Inference plays a minimal role in successful reference during communication.
Inference plays a minimal role in successful reference during communication.
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Active articulators primarily involve movement while passive articulators do not.
Active articulators primarily involve movement while passive articulators do not.
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Voiced sounds occur when the vocal cords are apart.
Voiced sounds occur when the vocal cords are apart.
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Fricatives are produced by completely stopping the airflow in the vocal tract.
Fricatives are produced by completely stopping the airflow in the vocal tract.
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Bilabials involve the lower lip and the upper teeth.
Bilabials involve the lower lip and the upper teeth.
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Vowel sounds can be nasalized but are generally considered oral sounds.
Vowel sounds can be nasalized but are generally considered oral sounds.
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The glottal stop is produced by fully closing the vocal cords.
The glottal stop is produced by fully closing the vocal cords.
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Approximants are characterized by a complete stopping of the airflow in the vocal tract.
Approximants are characterized by a complete stopping of the airflow in the vocal tract.
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Homo Erectus was capable of producing complex sounds.
Homo Erectus was capable of producing complex sounds.
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Language development in early humans was solely based on the need for communication.
Language development in early humans was solely based on the need for communication.
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The writing system used for English is known as the alphabet.
The writing system used for English is known as the alphabet.
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Different writing systems can be classified based on the graphic symbols they use.
Different writing systems can be classified based on the graphic symbols they use.
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The features of teeth, lips, and larynx in early humans contributed to their ability to produce speech.
The features of teeth, lips, and larynx in early humans contributed to their ability to produce speech.
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All languages are written using an alphabet writing system.
All languages are written using an alphabet writing system.
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Homo Neanderthalensis did not exhibit any vocal capabilities.
Homo Neanderthalensis did not exhibit any vocal capabilities.
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Glossogenetics refers to the genetic source that applies to specific languages.
Glossogenetics refers to the genetic source that applies to specific languages.
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Study Notes
Modern Linguistics
- Originated in the 20th century
- Father of modern linguistics: de Saussure
- First linguistics: 18th century
Branches of Linguistics
- General linguistics
- Comparative linguistics (typological + genetic)
- Descriptive linguistics
Properties of Human Language
- Unique? The use of language is unique to humans, compared to other forms of communication.
- Intentional and unintentional communication: Both intentional (conscious) and unintentional (often non-verbal) communication occur in humans.
- Discreteness: Language is composed of distinct units, allowing for infinite combinations.
- Displacement: Language can refer to things and events that are not present in the immediate environment (past, future, imaginary).
- Arbitrariness: There is no inherent connection between a word and its meaning.
- Productivity/Creativity/Open-endedness: Humans can create new expressions and utterances indefinitely.
- Duality: Language utilizes both meaningless units (sounds) and meaningful units (words).
- Cultural transmission: Language is learned from other members of society, rather than being innate (as opposed to animal communication).
- Reflexivity: Reflecting on language/communication itself is unique to human language.
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Description
Explore the key concepts and branches of modern linguistics originating in the 20th century. Learn about the unique properties of human language and its comparison to other forms of communication. This quiz covers the foundational theories of influential linguists like de Saussure.
