(MC3) CHAPTER 1

A type of fungus that can both relieve constipation and fight infections.

The belief that disease is caused by bad air or harmful vapors.

A system designed to manage waste and provide clean water.

The concept that diseases can be transmitted through invisible agents.

The practice of isolating individuals with diseases to prevent further spread.

The idea that diseases have natural causes, not supernatural forces.

A collection of ancient medical texts attributed to Hippocrates.

An oath taken by physicians to provide ethical and harmless care.

The ability of an organism to resist a particular disease or infection.

A Greek historian considered the "father of scientific history" who advocated for evidence-based analysis. He observed that survivors of the Athenian plague did not get re-infected, indicating early understanding of immunity.

A Roman writer who first proposed the idea that unseen organisms (microorganisms) can cause disease.

A Dutch cloth merchant who was the first to develop a lens powerful enough to see microbes. He observed single-celled organisms using a simple microscope.

A period of significant advancements in the understanding of microbes, marked by the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch.

A French chemist who proved that fermentation is caused by microorganisms and demonstrated unique properties of microbial strains.

A German physician who established the germ theory of disease by identifying the specific microbes causing anthrax and tuberculosis.

The theory that specific diseases are caused by specific microbes.

A tool with a wire loop used for transferring microorganisms between surfaces, such as agar plates and test tubes.

The branch of biology that classifies, describes, names, and identifies living organisms.

Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician known as the "father of taxonomy." He established a hierarchical system for classifying organisms.

A diagram representing the evolutionary relationships among different species or groups of organisms.

The process of arranging organisms into different groups based on shared characteristics.

The most specific level of classification in Linnaeus's system, representing a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Linnaeus's original taxonomy system, organized into a hierarchy of levels, with each level becoming more specific based on shared characteristics.

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms, often depicted using phylogenetic trees.

The study of viruses, which are acellular microorganisms that require a host to reproduce.

A subfield of microbiology that focuses on the immune system and its role in fighting off infections.

Specialized branch of microbiology that examines the microorganisms found in various environments, such as soil, water, and air.

A subfield of microbiology dedicated to the study of bacteria, often considered one of the oldest and most diverse microbial groups.

The study of fungi, a diverse kingdom of organisms that includes mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.

Archaea are a domain of single-celled organisms that differ from bacteria in their genetics, metabolism, and cell structure.

Archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls, unlike bacteria. Instead, they often have a similar substance called pseudopeptidoglycan.

Eukarya is the domain that includes all organisms with cells containing a nucleus. This includes diverse groups like protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.

Algae are protists that can be single-celled or multicellular and vary in appearance and environment. They're photosynthetic and produce oxygen and carbohydrates.

Protozoa are protists that are essential to many food webs. They're diverse and can move using cilia, flagella, or extending their cell membrane and cytoplasm.

Algae are used in various products like ice cream, salad dressing, and toothpaste. Some algae are being researched as potential biofuel sources.

Protozoa are important for nutrient cycling in many ecosystems. They play a role in providing food for other organisms.

Cytoplasmic extensions of some protozoa that resemble false feet.

Microscopic, single-celled eukaryotic organisms that are diverse in their characteristics and ecological roles.

Protozoans that obtain nutrients from a host organism, often causing harm.

Eukaryotic organisms including mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.

Unicellular fungi that can be beneficial or harmful.

Multicellular fungi that form visible colonies, often found in damp environments.

Multicellular parasitic worms whose diseases are studied in microbiology because they involve microscopic stages.

A type of helminth that causes painful ulcers and other symptoms by migrating out of the skin.