29 Questions
What is the general term for the study of microorganisms?
Microbiology
What type of microorganisms include yeasts and molds?
Fungi
What are the two types of bacteria mentioned in the text?
Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria
What is the name of the scientist who proposed the Five Kingdom Model?
Robert Whittaker
What is the term for microorganisms that can be seen individually with the naked eye?
Macrobes
Where does transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
What is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic DNA packaging?
No nucleus
What distinguishes the cell wall composition of bacteria from archaea?
Tough cell wall in bacteria
How do bacteria coordinate the synthesis of proteins with related functions?
Contain operons with clustered genes
What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic mRNA compared to bacterial mRNA?
Specifies only a single protein
In eukaryotes, where does the synthesis of proteins from mRNA primarily take place?
Cytoplasm
What is the main role of bacteria in maintaining climate equilibrium?
Producing greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide
Where do some bacteria thrive despite extreme conditions?
In environments with high salt concentration like the Dead Sea
How do symbiotic bacteria enable tubular worms to survive near hydrothermal vents?
By creating high energy carbon compounds from hydrogen sulfide
What do bacterial partners in lichens do to enable their fungal partners to grow on the tundra?
Fix nitrogen and perform photosynthesis
In what way do symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria benefit legumes growing in nitrogen-deficient soils?
Convert nitrogen in the air into a usable form for plants
How do bacteria directly benefit the human body?
Aid in the digestion of food and help prevent diseases
What is the role of the cell wall in bacteria?
To provide rigidity and protection
How does the genetic makeup of bacteria make them suitable for genetic experiments?
They are haploid and have one copy of each gene
What is the key reproduction method of bacteria?
Asexual reproduction by cell division
How often can some strains of E.coli reproduce under ideal conditions?
Every 20 minutes
Which process do bacteria carry out that is essential for making nitrogen-containing cellular constituents?
Nitrogen fixation
What environmental contribution do bacteria make by degrading toxic compounds?
Neutralizing toxins
Which domain of microbes live in extreme environments such as extreme thermophiles and extreme halophiles?
Archaea
A key feature that differentiates archaea from bacteria is:
Lack of peptidoglycan in cell walls
Which group of organisms is mostly saprobes and may exhibit motility using structures like cilia or flagella?
Protozoa
What distinguishes fungi among other eukaryotes in terms of their cell wall composition?
Chitin cell walls
Which organism division lacks a nuclear membrane, leading to their grouping as prokaryotes before?
Archaea and Bacteria
What serves as the core in viruses, and is surrounded by a protein coat known as capsid?
Genome consist of DNA or RNA
Explore the world of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, through this introduction to microbial genetics. Learn about microbial biodiversity, the beneficial and harmful aspects of microbes, and the field of microbiology.
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