Introduction to Microbial Genetics: Microorganisms Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the general term for the study of microorganisms?

  • Microorganismology
  • Microbiology (correct)
  • Microscopy
  • Microbicology

What type of microorganisms include yeasts and molds?

  • Fungi (correct)
  • Viruses
  • Protozoa
  • Bacteria

What are the two types of bacteria mentioned in the text?

  • Archaea and Cyanobacteria
  • Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria
  • Spirochaetes and Bacteriophage
  • Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria (correct)

What is the name of the scientist who proposed the Five Kingdom Model?

<p>Robert Whittaker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for microorganisms that can be seen individually with the naked eye?

<p>Macrobes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes?

<p>Cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic DNA packaging?

<p>No nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the cell wall composition of bacteria from archaea?

<p>Tough cell wall in bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria coordinate the synthesis of proteins with related functions?

<p>Contain operons with clustered genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic mRNA compared to bacterial mRNA?

<p>Specifies only a single protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, where does the synthesis of proteins from mRNA primarily take place?

<p>Cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of bacteria in maintaining climate equilibrium?

<p>Producing greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do some bacteria thrive despite extreme conditions?

<p>In environments with high salt concentration like the Dead Sea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do symbiotic bacteria enable tubular worms to survive near hydrothermal vents?

<p>By creating high energy carbon compounds from hydrogen sulfide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do bacterial partners in lichens do to enable their fungal partners to grow on the tundra?

<p>Fix nitrogen and perform photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria benefit legumes growing in nitrogen-deficient soils?

<p>Convert nitrogen in the air into a usable form for plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria directly benefit the human body?

<p>Aid in the digestion of food and help prevent diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cell wall in bacteria?

<p>To provide rigidity and protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the genetic makeup of bacteria make them suitable for genetic experiments?

<p>They are haploid and have one copy of each gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key reproduction method of bacteria?

<p>Asexual reproduction by cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often can some strains of E.coli reproduce under ideal conditions?

<p>Every 20 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process do bacteria carry out that is essential for making nitrogen-containing cellular constituents?

<p>Nitrogen fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental contribution do bacteria make by degrading toxic compounds?

<p>Neutralizing toxins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of microbes live in extreme environments such as extreme thermophiles and extreme halophiles?

<p>Archaea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key feature that differentiates archaea from bacteria is:

<p>Lack of peptidoglycan in cell walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms is mostly saprobes and may exhibit motility using structures like cilia or flagella?

<p>Protozoa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fungi among other eukaryotes in terms of their cell wall composition?

<p>Chitin cell walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism division lacks a nuclear membrane, leading to their grouping as prokaryotes before?

<p>Archaea and Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the core in viruses, and is surrounded by a protein coat known as capsid?

<p>Genome consist of DNA or RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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