Introduction to Microbial Genetics: Microorganisms Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the general term for the study of microorganisms?

  • Microorganismology
  • Microbiology (correct)
  • Microscopy
  • Microbicology
  • What type of microorganisms include yeasts and molds?

  • Fungi (correct)
  • Viruses
  • Protozoa
  • Bacteria
  • What are the two types of bacteria mentioned in the text?

  • Archaea and Cyanobacteria
  • Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria
  • Spirochaetes and Bacteriophage
  • Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria (correct)
  • What is the name of the scientist who proposed the Five Kingdom Model?

    <p>Robert Whittaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that can be seen individually with the naked eye?

    <p>Macrobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic DNA packaging?

    <p>No nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the cell wall composition of bacteria from archaea?

    <p>Tough cell wall in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bacteria coordinate the synthesis of proteins with related functions?

    <p>Contain operons with clustered genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic mRNA compared to bacterial mRNA?

    <p>Specifies only a single protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotes, where does the synthesis of proteins from mRNA primarily take place?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of bacteria in maintaining climate equilibrium?

    <p>Producing greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do some bacteria thrive despite extreme conditions?

    <p>In environments with high salt concentration like the Dead Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do symbiotic bacteria enable tubular worms to survive near hydrothermal vents?

    <p>By creating high energy carbon compounds from hydrogen sulfide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bacterial partners in lichens do to enable their fungal partners to grow on the tundra?

    <p>Fix nitrogen and perform photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria benefit legumes growing in nitrogen-deficient soils?

    <p>Convert nitrogen in the air into a usable form for plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bacteria directly benefit the human body?

    <p>Aid in the digestion of food and help prevent diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cell wall in bacteria?

    <p>To provide rigidity and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the genetic makeup of bacteria make them suitable for genetic experiments?

    <p>They are haploid and have one copy of each gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key reproduction method of bacteria?

    <p>Asexual reproduction by cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often can some strains of E.coli reproduce under ideal conditions?

    <p>Every 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do bacteria carry out that is essential for making nitrogen-containing cellular constituents?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental contribution do bacteria make by degrading toxic compounds?

    <p>Neutralizing toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of microbes live in extreme environments such as extreme thermophiles and extreme halophiles?

    <p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A key feature that differentiates archaea from bacteria is:

    <p>Lack of peptidoglycan in cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is mostly saprobes and may exhibit motility using structures like cilia or flagella?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fungi among other eukaryotes in terms of their cell wall composition?

    <p>Chitin cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism division lacks a nuclear membrane, leading to their grouping as prokaryotes before?

    <p>Archaea and Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the core in viruses, and is surrounded by a protein coat known as capsid?

    <p>Genome consist of DNA or RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

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