Introduction to Micro-environment
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a responsibility of lower-level managers?

  • Allocating tasks on a daily basis (correct)
  • Setting long-term strategic goals
  • Making decisions related to overall company policy
  • Interpreting top-level management instructions
  • Middle-level managers are typically involved in short-term planning.

    False (B)

    What is the process by which a manager sets goals and decides how to carry out activities to achieve those goals?

    Planning

    The main task of ______ is to provide guidance, motivation, and inspiration to workers.

    <p>leading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is an example of a lower-level manager?

    <p>Foreman in production department (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following management tasks with their descriptions:

    <p>Planning = Setting goals and determining how to achieve them Organising = Allocating resources and arranging tasks Leading = Guiding and motivating employees Control = Ensuring activities are carried out as planned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Control involves only the observation of employee performance.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of administration within an organization?

    <p>Handling information and managing office tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a mission statement?

    <p>To describe the purpose and basic activities of the business (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organizational culture only affects employees' attitudes and has no influence on management.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main tasks of managers known as?

    <p>POLC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical resources include items such as __________ and machinery.

    <p>factory equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of organizational resources with their examples:

    <p>Human Resources = Employees Financial Resources = Capital - own and borrowed Information Resources = Books and research articles Physical Resources = Factory machinery and land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of goals in a business context?

    <p>To outline the long-term aims that the business expects to achieve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A negative organizational culture can lead to increased employee motivation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered an important factor for decision-making?

    <p>Personal opinions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily responsible for finding qualified employees and evaluating their performance?

    <p>Human Resources Function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an organizational chart typically depict?

    <p>Tasks, levels of authority, and responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decentralized administration means that all functions are carried out in one office.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using information technology in a business?

    <p>Improved communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Public Relations Function is responsible for managing the finances of the business.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Money that owners supply as capital is known as ________.

    <p>own funds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is tasked with converting raw materials into finished products?

    <p>Production Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sources of financing with their descriptions:

    <p>Personal savings = Own funds provided by individuals for their investment Term loans = Borrowed funds from financial institutions to be repaid over a set period Bank overdrafts = Short-term borrowed funds that allow withdrawal beyond the account balance Debentures = Long-term securities yielding a fixed rate of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ Function is responsible for buying goods and services needed for the smooth operation of a business.

    <p>Purchasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the levels of management with their primary responsibilities:

    <p>Top-Level Managers = Make long-term strategic decisions Middle-Level Managers = Turn tactical decisions into action General Management = Oversee and coordinate all functions Lower-Level Managers = Supervise daily operational tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of budget covers a time frame of one month to less than a year?

    <p>Short-term (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Borrowed funds do not require any interest to be paid.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not one of the eight business functions?

    <p>Customer Service Function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    General management includes planning and organizing resources to achieve business goals.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of centralized administration.

    <p>Streamlined decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who holds the most authority in an organization?

    <p>Top-Level Managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What are business goals?

    A long-term goal that the business expects to achieve. It gives the business a sense of direction.

    What are objectives?

    A short-term plan that explains how a goal will be reached. They are a set of steps to achieve a specific goal.

    What is organizational culture?

    The personality of an organization. It's a shared set of values, beliefs, expectations, and behaviors among employees and management.

    What is a vision?

    Represents the dream of the business and what it wants to become in the future. It's a clear and concise image of the desired end state.

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    What is a mission?

    Describes the purpose, basic activities, and reason for existence of a business. It explains how the business aims to achieve its vision.

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    What are organizational resources?

    All resources used by a business. These are the assets and capabilities available to achieve organizational goals. They are divided into five main types.

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    What is Planning?

    One of the four fundamental management tasks, it involves looking ahead, planning the work, and deciding how to do it. It's about setting goals and strategies.

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    What is Organizing?

    One of the four fundamental management tasks, it involves using available resources effectively to achieve organizational goals. It involves assigning duties and coordinating tasks.

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    General Management

    The overall management of a business, encompassing planning, organizing, leading, and controlling to achieve business goals.

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    Purchasing Function

    The function responsible for procuring goods and services needed by other departments, ensuring quality, price, quantity, and timely delivery.

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    Production Function

    The function that transforms raw materials into finished products through a combination of labor, capital, and entrepreneurial skills.

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    Marketing Function

    The function responsible for selling goods and services to meet consumer needs, ensuring the right product is sold at the right price, place, and through the best promotion.

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    Public Relations Function

    The function responsible for managing the company's image and reputation with the public.

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    Human Resources Function

    The function responsible for recruiting, training, evaluating, and compensating employees.

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    Administration Function

    The function responsible for collecting, processing, and storing information for decision-making, including general office tasks like filing.

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    Financial Function

    The function responsible for planning and managing all the funds and assets of the business, including investments.

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    Middle Management role in communication

    Middle management interprets instructions from top-level managers and communicates them to lower-level managers.

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    Lower-Level Management Responsibilities

    Lower-level managers are responsible for smaller, more specialized teams and implement the objectives of middle-level managers.

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    Planning - Core Management Task

    Planning involves setting goals and objectives for the future and deciding how to achieve them.

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    Organising - Core Management Task

    Organising involves allocating resources and people to achieve the planned goals and objectives.

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    Leading - Core Management Task

    Leading is about inspiring and motivating others to work towards shared goals, providing direction, and setting communication channels.

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    Control - Core Management Task

    Control involves monitoring activities to ensure they align with the plan, investigating deviations, and seeking feedback.

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    Management of Information

    Managing information involves collecting, processing, storing, and updating information to ensure it's accurate and complete.

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    Administration's Role

    Administration handles all tasks and activities related to information handling, management, office practices, and information technology.

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    What is a budget?

    A type of financial document that outlines a company's projected income and expenses for a specific period.

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    What are financial statements?

    They are used to assess a company's financial health and performance.

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    What role do statistics play in decision-making?

    Analyzing data to identify trends and patterns within a company.

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    What are sources of financing?

    This refers to the different ways a company can procure the financial resources it needs to operate.

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    What are 'own funds'?

    Money that owners invest in a business or profits generated by the business which are not distributed.

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    What are 'borrowed funds'?

    Money borrowed from individuals, financial institutions, or through credit purchases.

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    What is a centralized office practice?

    A type of office organization where administrative tasks are handled centrally, typically in a single location.

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    What is a decentralized office practice?

    A type of office organization where administrative tasks are distributed across different departments or locations.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Micro-environment

    • Three components of business environment: micro, market, and macro.
    • Components are interconnected and influence each other.

    Components of Micro-environment

    Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives

    • Vision: Clear and concise statement of desired image and future. Reflects business aspirations.
    • Mission: Describes purpose, activities, and reason for business existence. Explains how to achieve the vision.
    • Goals: Long-term aims and targets for the business. Provide direction.
    • Objectives: Explain how goals are achieved. Short-term steps to reach goals.

    Organisational Culture

    • Represents the personality of an organization.
    • Composed of beliefs, values, norms, and expectations.
    • Influences employee actions and attitudes.
    • Positive culture motivates and boosts productivity.
    • Negative culture discourages staff, leading to conflict and decreased interest.

    Organisational Resources

    • Physical Resources: Includes timber, fruit, fish, machinery, vehicles, land, buildings, computers, and telephones.
    • Information and Technological Resources: Books, statistics, websites, research articles, emails.
    • Financial Resources: Capital (own and borrowed).
    • Human Resources: Employees.

    Management and Leadership

    • Managers perform four main tasks (POLC): Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling.
    • Balance of these tasks differs between businesses and levels.
    • Necessary for assigned areas of responsibility.

    Business Organisational Structure

    • Structure outlining tasks, authority levels, and responsibilities.
    • Shows how instructions flow and feedback operates.
    • Crucial for effective function.

    Eight Business Functions

    • General Management: Oversees other functions.
    • Purchasing: Acquires goods and services.
    • Production: Converts raw materials into finished products.
    • Marketing: Promotes sales and fulfills consumer needs.
    • Public Relations: Enhances public image.
    • Human Resource: Manages employees.
    • Administration: Handles office tasks and information processing.
    • Financial: Manages funds and finances.

    Management Levels

    • Top-level Managers: Long-term strategic decision-making, setting goals and objectives, communicating to middle managers.
      • Examples: CEO, Chairperson, MD.
    • Middle-level Managers: Medium-term tactical decisions, implement strategies, monitor departments, and provide feedback.
      • Examples: Marketing Manager, Production Manager, etc.
    • Lower-level Managers: Handle routine decisions, direct daily activities, and provide feedback to middle management
      • Examples: Foreman, supervisor.

    Management Tasks

    • Planning: Considering the future, setting goals and objectives, outlining activities for success.
    • Organizing: Assigning and structuring resources (people and materials) for efficient output.
    • Leading: Guiding, motivating, and inspiring others to achieve goals.
    • Controlling: Verifying and checking activities to ensure alignment with plans.

    Administration Function

    • Handles information, office tasks, records.
    • Involves collecting, processing, storing, and managing data.
    • Can be centralized or decentralized.
    • Decision based on business type, size, and staff quality.
    • Updated, correct, and complete information needed for decision making.

    Financing

    • Financial activities involve planning for appropriate funds.
    • Obtaining money via own funds (savings, retained profits, asset sales) or borrowed funds (loans, credit).
    • Managing and overseeing investments for all departments.
    • Budgeting crucial for short-, medium-, and long-term financial plans.

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    Description

    Explore the essential components of the micro-environment in business. This quiz covers aspects such as vision, mission, goals, objectives, and organizational culture, demonstrating how these elements interconnect and influence one another. Engage with the different resources that shape a business's operational framework.

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