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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of matter?
What is the definition of matter?
What is the ratio of mass to volume called?
What is the ratio of mass to volume called?
What state of matter has particles that are closely packed and have a fixed shape?
What state of matter has particles that are closely packed and have a fixed shape?
What is the process called when a solid changes directly to a gas?
What is the process called when a solid changes directly to a gas?
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What is a mixture of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means?
What is a mixture of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means?
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What is the state of matter where atoms are ionized and have a high energy?
What is the state of matter where atoms are ionized and have a high energy?
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Study Notes
Definition of Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
- It is the physical substance that makes up all objects, including living things, rocks, and gases.
Properties of Matter
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Physical Properties:
- Mass: a measure of the amount of matter in an object
- Volume: the amount of space occupied by an object
- Density: the ratio of mass to volume
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Chemical Properties:
- Reactivity: the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions
- Flammability: the ability of a substance to catch fire
- Toxicity: the degree to which a substance can cause harm
States of Matter
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Solid:
- Particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape
- Examples: rocks, metals, and ice
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Liquid:
- Particles are close together but can flow
- Examples: water, oil, and juice
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Gas:
- Particles are widely spaced and can expand freely
- Examples: air, helium, and oxygen
- ** Plasma**:
- A high-energy state where atoms are ionized
- Examples: stars, lightning, and neon signs
Changes of State
- Melting: solid → liquid
- Freezing: liquid → solid
- Evaporation: liquid → gas
- Condensation: gas → liquid
- Sublimation: solid → gas (e.g., dry ice)
- Deposition: gas → solid (e.g., frost)
Mixtures and Pure Substances
- Mixture: a combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means
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Pure Substance: a substance that has a fixed composition and properties
- Examples: water, gold, and sugar
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Description
Learn about the definition, properties, and states of matter, including solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Understand changes of state and the differences between mixtures and pure substances.
