Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of an organization?
According to Mary Parker Follett, management is:
Who defined management as 'to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control'?
What is NOT a definition of management?
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Who defined management as 'the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals as groups efficiently accomplish selected goals'?
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What is an organization primarily aimed to do?
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What is the primary responsibility of top-level management?
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Which level of management is responsible for setting objectives that are consistent with top-level management goals?
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What is a key characteristic of lower-level managers?
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What are the three basic managerial skills?
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What is an example of technical skills in management?
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What is the primary role of a CEO, President, or Vice President in an organization?
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What is the definition of management?
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What is the primary difference between efficiency and effectiveness?
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What are the four main management functions?
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What is the primary focus of the Planning function?
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What is the primary focus of the Organizing function?
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What is the primary focus of the Leading function?
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What is the primary focus of the Controlling function?
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What determines the chain of command in an organization?
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What are the three main levels of management?
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What is the primary focus of human skills in management?
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What is the role of a manager in informational roles?
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What is the primary focus of conceptual skills in management?
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Who identified the 10 roles of managers?
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What is the primary function of a manager in interpersonal roles?
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What is the decisional role of a manager?
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What is an example of a figurehead role?
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What is an example of a liaison role?
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What does a Disturbance Handler do during disputes or crises?
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What is the role of a Spokesperson in an organization?
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What does an Entrepreneur do in an organization?
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What is the primary role of a Disseminator?
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What does a Negotiator do in an organization?
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What is the role of a Resource Allocator?
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What does a reading activity involve in an organization?
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Who maintains personal contact with stakeholders in an organization?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Management
- An organization is a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish a specific purpose, characterized by:
- A distinct goal and purpose
- People working together to accomplish certain objectives
- A systematic structure
- An aim to serve society
Definition of Management
- Management is the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, with and through other people
- Definitions of management by notable figures:
- Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933): the art of getting things done through people
- Henri Fayol (1916): to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control
- Frederick Winslow Taylor (1886): to determine the overall policy of a business organization, and to find effective and efficient ways to achieve organizational objectives
- Koontz and Weihrich (1990): the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals and groups efficiently accomplish selected goals
Efficiency and Effectiveness
- Efficiency: doing things right
- Effectiveness: doing the right things
Process of Management
- Four main management functions:
- Planning (thinking function)
- Defining goals, establishing strategies, and developing action plans to coordinate activities towards accomplishing organizational goals
- Organizing (thinking function)
- Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and who makes decisions
- Leading (doing function)
- Directing and influencing all organizational members involved, motivating them, and resolving conflicts towards achieving organizational goals
- Controlling (doing function)
- Monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations
- Planning (thinking function)
Levels of Management
- Top Level Management
- Responsible for the overall management of an organization, establishing operating policies, and guiding the organization's interaction with its environment
- CEO, President, Vice President
- Middle Level Management
- Directs the activities of lower-level managers, responsible for setting objectives that are consistent with top-level management goals
- Lower-Level Management
- Responsible for the work of non-management employees, directly responsible for the production of goods and services
Skills of Management
- Managers need certain skills and competencies, including:
- Technical skills: ability to utilize job-specific knowledge of tools, techniques, and procedures
- Human skills: ability to work effectively with one's own work group and others, leading, motivating, and communicating
- Conceptual skills: ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, seeing how things fit together, and facilitating good decisions
Roles of Managers
- Henry Mintzberg identified 10 roles that managers need to assume to meet the many demands of performing their functions, which can be categorized into:
- Interpersonal roles: managers are responsible for managing relationships with organizational members and the society
- Informational roles: involve gathering and disseminating information to stakeholders
- Decisional roles: making significant use of the information, processing information, and reaching conclusions
Roles of Managers (Detailed)
- Interpersonal roles:
- Figurehead: performs ceremonial and symbolic duties
- Liaison: maintains information links both inside and outside the organization
- Leader: directs and motivates subordinates, guiding and communicating with them
- Informational roles:
- Monitor: seeks and receives information
- Disseminator: forwards information to organizational members
- Spokesperson: transmits information to outsiders
- Decisional roles:
- Entrepreneur: initiates improvement projects, identifies new ideas, and delegates responsibilities
- Disturbance handler: takes corrective action during disputes or crises, resolving conflicts among subordinates
- Resource allocator: decides who gets resources, prepares budgets, and sets schedules
- Negotiator: represents the department during negotiations, such as negotiations for union contracts
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Description
Understand the basics of management, including the definition of an organization and the process of management. Learn how organizations are structured and how management achieves goals efficiently.