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Introduction to Management
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Introduction to Management

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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of an organization?

  • A systematic structure with no clear aim
  • A group of people with no common objective
  • A single individual working towards a goal
  • A distinct goal and purpose (correct)

    • According to Mary Parker Follett, management is:

  • The art of getting things done through people (correct)
  • The art of forecasting and planning
  • The art of coordinating and controlling
  • The art of getting things done through machines

    • Who defined management as 'to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control'?

  • Frederick Winslow Taylor
  • Koontz and Weihrich
  • Henri Fayol (correct)
  • Mary Parker Follett

    • What is NOT a definition of management?

    <p>The act of directing a football team</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined management as 'the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals as groups efficiently accomplish selected goals'?

    <p>Koontz and Weihrich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an organization primarily aimed to do?

    <p>Accomplish some specific purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of top-level management?

    <p>Establishing operating policies and guiding the organization's interaction with its environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of management is responsible for setting objectives that are consistent with top-level management goals?

    <p>Middle-level management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of lower-level managers?

    <p>They are responsible for the production of goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic managerial skills?

    <p>Technical, human, and conceptual skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of technical skills in management?

    <p>Ability to utilise job-specific knowledge of tools, techniques, and procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a CEO, President, or Vice President in an organization?

    <p>Establishing operating policies and guiding the organization's interaction with its environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of management?

    <p>The process of getting things done, efficiently with and through other people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between efficiency and effectiveness?

    <p>Efficiency is doing things right, while effectiveness is doing the right things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main management functions?

    <p>Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Planning function?

    <p>Defining goals, establishing strategies, and developing action plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Organizing function?

    <p>Determining tasks, grouping tasks, and making decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Leading function?

    <p>Directing and influencing organizational members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Controlling function?

    <p>Monitoring performance and correcting deviations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the chain of command in an organization?

    <p>The level of management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main levels of management?

    <p>Top, Middle, and Lower-Level Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of human skills in management?

    <p>Leading, motivating, and communicating effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a manager in informational roles?

    <p>Gathering and disseminating information to stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of conceptual skills in management?

    <p>Analyzing and diagnosing complex situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who identified the 10 roles of managers?

    <p>Henry Mintzberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a manager in interpersonal roles?

    <p>Managing relationships with organizational members and society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decisional role of a manager?

    <p>Making significant use of information and reaching conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a figurehead role?

    <p>Receiving visitors and making presentations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a liaison role?

    <p>Maintaining information links via email and phone calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Disturbance Handler do during disputes or crises?

    <p>Takes corrective action and resolves conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Spokesperson in an organization?

    <p>Transmits information to outsiders via reports, memos, and speeches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an Entrepreneur do in an organization?

    <p>Initiates improvement projects and identifies new ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a Disseminator?

    <p>Forwards information to organizational members via memos, reports, and phone calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Negotiator do in an organization?

    <p>Represents department during negotiations, such as negotiations for union contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Resource Allocator?

    <p>Decides who gets resources and prepares budgets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a reading activity involve in an organization?

    <p>Scans periodicals and reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who maintains personal contact with stakeholders in an organization?

    <p>A Reader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Management

    • An organization is a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish a specific purpose, characterized by:
      • A distinct goal and purpose
      • People working together to accomplish certain objectives
      • A systematic structure
      • An aim to serve society

    Definition of Management

    • Management is the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, with and through other people
    • Definitions of management by notable figures:
      • Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933): the art of getting things done through people
      • Henri Fayol (1916): to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control
      • Frederick Winslow Taylor (1886): to determine the overall policy of a business organization, and to find effective and efficient ways to achieve organizational objectives
      • Koontz and Weihrich (1990): the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals and groups efficiently accomplish selected goals

    Efficiency and Effectiveness

    • Efficiency: doing things right
    • Effectiveness: doing the right things

    Process of Management

    • Four main management functions:
      • Planning (thinking function)
        • Defining goals, establishing strategies, and developing action plans to coordinate activities towards accomplishing organizational goals
      • Organizing (thinking function)
        • Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and who makes decisions
      • Leading (doing function)
        • Directing and influencing all organizational members involved, motivating them, and resolving conflicts towards achieving organizational goals
      • Controlling (doing function)
        • Monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations

    Levels of Management

    • Top Level Management
      • Responsible for the overall management of an organization, establishing operating policies, and guiding the organization's interaction with its environment
      • CEO, President, Vice President
    • Middle Level Management
      • Directs the activities of lower-level managers, responsible for setting objectives that are consistent with top-level management goals
    • Lower-Level Management
      • Responsible for the work of non-management employees, directly responsible for the production of goods and services

    Skills of Management

    • Managers need certain skills and competencies, including:
      • Technical skills: ability to utilize job-specific knowledge of tools, techniques, and procedures
      • Human skills: ability to work effectively with one's own work group and others, leading, motivating, and communicating
      • Conceptual skills: ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, seeing how things fit together, and facilitating good decisions

    Roles of Managers

    • Henry Mintzberg identified 10 roles that managers need to assume to meet the many demands of performing their functions, which can be categorized into:
      • Interpersonal roles: managers are responsible for managing relationships with organizational members and the society
      • Informational roles: involve gathering and disseminating information to stakeholders
      • Decisional roles: making significant use of the information, processing information, and reaching conclusions

    Roles of Managers (Detailed)

    • Interpersonal roles:
      • Figurehead: performs ceremonial and symbolic duties
      • Liaison: maintains information links both inside and outside the organization
      • Leader: directs and motivates subordinates, guiding and communicating with them
    • Informational roles:
      • Monitor: seeks and receives information
      • Disseminator: forwards information to organizational members
      • Spokesperson: transmits information to outsiders
    • Decisional roles:
      • Entrepreneur: initiates improvement projects, identifies new ideas, and delegates responsibilities
      • Disturbance handler: takes corrective action during disputes or crises, resolving conflicts among subordinates
      • Resource allocator: decides who gets resources, prepares budgets, and sets schedules
      • Negotiator: represents the department during negotiations, such as negotiations for union contracts

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    Understand the basics of management, including the definition of an organization and the process of management. Learn how organizations are structured and how management achieves goals efficiently.

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