Introduction to Loss and Grief
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Questions and Answers

What type of loss occurs when an individual changes environment?

  • Loss of familiar environment (correct)
  • Loss of significant other
  • Loss of aspects of self
  • Loss of external objects

Which of the following is an example of loss of aspects of self?

  • Losing a loved pet
  • Becoming wheelchair-bound due to an accident (correct)
  • Moving to a new city
  • Divorcing from a spouse

How might men and women typically express grief after the loss of a spouse?

  • Both experience loss equally without distinction
  • Both feel abandoned and deserted
  • Men feel they have lost a part of themselves, women feel deserted (correct)
  • Men show less emotion than women

What constitutes a significant loss for an individual?

<p>Death of a beloved person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category does the loss of a home due to a natural disaster belong to?

<p>Loss of familiar environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is loss perceived differently in cases of prolonged illness versus sudden death?

<p>Prolonged illness may lead to a more palatable grief process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of anticipated loss?

<p>Being diagnosed with a terminal illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as loss of external objects?

<p>Losing a family heirloom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of end of life care?

<p>To control pain and ensure patient comfort until death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves the dying person seeking to reverse or postpone death?

<p>Bargaining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for nurses to assess as part of end of life care?

<p>The patient's spiritual beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage does the dying person find it difficult to accept their fate?

<p>Acceptance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the patient’s life should NOT be considered in end of life care?

<p>Personal hobbies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a nurse play in communicating about end of life issues?

<p>Establish a line of communication among patient, family, and colleagues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of the acceptance stage for dying individuals?

<p>To express feelings of peace and contentment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of care encompasses a broad approach to ensure patient comfort at end of life?

<p>End of life care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of advance care planning in end-of-life (EOL) care?

<p>To consider needs of the dying patients ahead of time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is caused by stimulation of cutaneous nerve endings?

<p>Cutaneous pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of comprehensive care in EOL management?

<p>Implementing thorough care across all dimensions of the patient’s life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can untreated pain impact a patient's overall health?

<p>It can lead to physical disorders such as undernutrition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is characterized by being less localized and transmitted more slowly?

<p>Visceral pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does pain sensation serve in the body?

<p>It acts as a warning sign of potential tissue damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does terminal phase care management focus on?

<p>Providing last respects and support for loved ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can hinder effective use of resources in EOL care?

<p>Lack of awareness among caregivers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to heart rate and respiratory rate during REM sleep?

<p>They are irregular and often higher than when awake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does anxiety have on sleep?

<p>It can cause restlessness and interference with sleep patterns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the environment affect sleep?

<p>It can either promote or impair sleep. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does diet play in sleep quality?

<p>Caffeine and heavy meals can disrupt the sleep cycle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of alcohol on sleep?

<p>It may interfere with REM sleep, leading to restless sleep. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to a lack of relaxation before sleep?

<p>Fast-paced life and multiple stressors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances can impair sleep?

<p>Alcohol and nicotine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about REM sleep is true?

<p>REM sleep is characterized by flaccid muscles and immobilization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cultural norms on sleep patterns?

<p>They influence an individual's perception of the necessity of sleep. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes insomnia?

<p>A chronic inability to maintain adequate sleep quality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by excessive sleep, particularly during the daytime?

<p>Hypersomnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sleep deprivation refer to?

<p>Prolonged inadequate sleep quality and quantity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does airflow need to stop during sleep for it to be classified as sleep apnea?

<p>10 seconds or more. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main attribute of narcolepsy?

<p>Sudden and uncontrollable urges to sleep during daytime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sleep disorder is insomnia classified as?

<p>Primary sleep disorder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parasomnias result from what kind of physiological conditions?

<p>Activation during the sleep-wake cycle at inappropriate times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Stage 1 NREM sleep?

<p>General slowing of EEG frequency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding REM sleep?

<p>The EEG pattern resembles that of the awake state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does Stage 1 NREM sleep typically last for an adult?

<p>10 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sleep as mentioned?

<p>Facilitating physiological and psychological healing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the stages of sleep as the night progresses?

<p>REM sleep periods become longer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Stage 2 NREM sleep?

<p>Presence of wave spikes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stages of NREM sleep signify the deepest level of sleep?

<p>Stage 3 and Stage 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to muscle activity during Stage 1 NREM sleep?

<p>Muscle activity is absent except in facial and neck muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Loss of external objects

Losing something valuable, like a loved one, property, or pet, causing grief based on the importance of the object.

Loss of familiar environment

Experiencing fear/anxiety due to a change in surroundings, such as moving to a new place or hospital.

Loss of aspects of self

Losing aspects of one's personality, like ambition or enjoyment of life, due to illness, injury, or disfigurement.

Loss of significant other

Losing a close friend or family member due to separation (like divorce), relocation, or death.

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Real loss

An actual event that results in the absence of something valued

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Potential loss

Loss expected in the future, often due to illness or disease.

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Perceived loss

A loss felt even if it has not happened yet. This occurs due to beliefs or emotions.

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Palatable loss

Loss of something that is expected or that is gradual over time

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Advance care planning

Planning for the needs of dying patients in advance, ensuring care is available when needed.

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Comprehensive care

Providing care that addresses all aspects of a patient's needs during end of life.

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Terminal phase care management

Providing final care and support to patients and their families during the final stages of life.

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Pain

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

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Cutaneous pain

Pain originating from skin stimulation, often sharp and localized.

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Somatic pain

Pain originating from muscles, bones, joints, or tendons, often described as dull and aching, not well localized.

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Visceral pain

Pain originating from internal organs, often poorly localized and described as cramping or pressure.

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Pain classification

Categorizing pain based on its cause (e.g., cutaneous, somatic, visceral) or nature.

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End of Life Care

Comprehensive care for critically ill patients, focusing on pain management and comfort until death, addressing physical, social, spiritual, emotional, psychological, and financial needs.

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Bargaining (dying)

Attempting to change or postpone death by making deals or promises.

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Depression (dying)

Acceptance of inevitable death; a stage in the dying process.

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Acceptance (dying)

Final stage of dying; characterized by peace and acceptance of death.

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EOL care recognition

Recognizing changes affecting end of life care, like social, economic and demographic shifts.

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Nurses' EOL communication

Establishing clear lines of communication with patients, families, and colleagues on end of life issues.

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Nurses' EOL attitude

Being aware of personal attitudes, feelings, and values about death, acknowledging cultural & spiritual diversity.

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Nurses' EOL assessment

Using scientifically-based tools to assess patient symptoms at the end of life and treating multiple needs.

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REM Sleep Dreams

Dreams occur in 80% of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, a state of deep sleep with brain activity close to wakefulness.

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Comfort and Sleep

Unmet physical or psychological needs cause discomfort, leading to tension, anxiety, and impaired sleep.

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Anxiety's Impact

Anxiety disrupts sleep by causing restlessness and making it difficult to fall or stay asleep.

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Environment and Sleep

Lighting, temperature, noise, and odors can interfere with sleep if they differ from your usual sleep environment.

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Lifestyle and Sleep

A stressful lifestyle and busy schedule can make it difficult to relax and fall asleep.

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Diet and Sleep

Caffeine, heavy meals, and hunger can all disrupt sleep patterns.

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Alcohol's Sleep Impact

Alcohol interferes with REM sleep leading to restless and unrefreshing sleep.

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Nicotine and Sleep

Nicotine, a stimulant, makes it difficult to fall and stay asleep.

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NREM Sleep

Non-rapid eye movement sleep, consisting of 4 stages of progressively deeper sleep characterized by slower brainwaves and reduced physical activity.

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REM Sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep, a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, brainwave patterns similar to wakefulness, and dreaming.

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Stage 1 Sleep

The first stage of NREM sleep; characterized by slow eye movements and decreased muscle tension; relatively light sleep, easily awakened.

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Stage 2 Sleep

A relatively light stage of NREM sleep, characterized by further slowing of brainwaves; transition to deeper sleep.

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Stages 3 & 4 Sleep

Deepest stages of NREM sleep; characterized by extremely slow brainwaves, called delta waves.

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Sleep Cycle

A repeating pattern of NREM and REM sleep stages, generally lasting 90 minutes each in adults.

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Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Device that measures and records electrical activity in the brain through electrodes on the scalp.

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Sleep's importance

Sleep is crucial for physical and mental restoration and well-being; disrupted sleep can have negative effects.

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Insomnia

The inability to fall asleep or stay asleep for a sufficient duration, leading to poor sleep quality.

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Hypersomnia

Excessive sleepiness during the day, even after getting enough sleep at night.

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Sleep Deprivation

Prolonged lack of sufficient sleep, affecting both the quality and quantity of rest.

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Sleep Apnea

Temporary pauses in breathing during sleep, often causing loud snoring and daytime sleepiness.

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Narcolepsy

Sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day, even in inappropriate situations.

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Parasomnias

Sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behaviors or physical events during sleep.

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Primary Sleep Disorders

Sleep disorders where the sleep alteration is the primary problem, not a symptom of another condition.

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Secondary Sleep Disorders

Sleep disorders caused by an underlying medical condition or problem.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Loss/Grief

  • Loss occurs when an individual loses something valuable
  • Loss can be real, potential, or perceived
  • Examples of loss include the death of a spouse, divorce, or a person being diagnosed with a terminal illness
  • How people respond to loss varies; it can be palatable or not depending on factors
  • Widows vs Widows
  • External loss, Environment, Personal aspects, Other significant losses are the four major categories of losses

Types of Loss

  • Loss of external objects: Significant loss of objects
    • Value of the loss affects the intensity of grief (e.g., a loved one, property, a pet)
  • Loss of familiar environment: Sudden changes in surroundings cause different levels of fear and anxiety (e.g., moving, starting a new job, hospitalization)
  • Loss of aspects of self: Loss of parts of the body (psychological, physical) or aspects of your personality, like senses of humour or belonging
    • Example - Physical/physiological: illness or injury (blindness, stroke), amputation or mastectomy
  • Loss of Significant other: Loss of a very important person in your life (e.g., due to loss of a job, relocation, or death).

Grief

  • Grief is a means of responding to loss
  • It can involve physical and psychological responses
  • Grief involves thoughts, feelings, and emotions resulting from an unexpected event.
  • Grief is an adaptive mechanism for coping with loss; Bereavement
    • Period of grief following the death of a loved one
  • Prolonged grief can negatively impact relationships and lifestyle

Types of Grief

  • Uncomplicated grief: Predictable response to significant loss, allowing the person to adapt to their new reality.
  • Dysfunctional/pathologic grief: When a person doesn't go through the stages of grief or exhibits abnormal behaviors in response to loss, such as being unable to function, isolated or not able to move on with life

Theories of Grieving Process

  • Grief Work Process: Grief is a process of adjusting to a new reality following a loss. The bereaved individual will adapt and gradually detach from the attachment to the lost object.
  • Bowlby theory: Resulting if the attachment bonds to a loved object are disrupted due to loss of person in life.
  • Worden theory: Identifying four tasks; accepting reality of loss, enduring the pain, adjusting to an environment where the deceased isn't present, reinvesting and forming a new relationship.

Death and Dying

  • Stages of Death and Dying: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
  • End of life care: comprehnesive care to ensure comfort, spiritual, emotional, psychological, and financial wellbeing for the patient.

Role of Nurses in End of Life Care

  • Recognizing and adapting to changes
  • Providing comfort care
  • Communicating with others
  • Acknowledging diversity
  • Collaboration
  • Using tools for assessments
  • Evaluating effectiveness of therapies

Pain

  • Pain is defined as a state of discomfort and unpleasant sensation
  • Different types of pain
  • Classification of pain by cause/origin and nature
  • Classification by pain based on nature
  • Factors affecting pain response

Pain Assessment and Management

  • Assessing pain (e.g., regularly, systematically)
  • Believing the patient and what relieves pain
  • Choosing pain control strategies that are appropriate
  • Delivering interventions correctly and in a timely manner
  • Empowering patients to control their treatment regimen
  • Monitoring patient responses
  • Educating staff and patients about pain management

Nutrition, Therapeutic Outcomes, Sleep, and Rest

  • The importance of nutrition, sleep, rest for pain control, and overall health
  • Health is impacted with a focus on these elements.

Alternative Methods to Promote Sleep (Examples)

  • Meditation
  • Herbal therapies
  • Aromatherapy
  • Massage

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Loss/Grief Notes PDF

Description

Explore the complexities of loss and grief in this quiz focused on understanding various types of loss. Learn how different experiences of loss can impact individuals differently, from external objects to changes in self-awareness. This quiz delves into the psychological and emotional aspects of coping with loss.

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