Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of logic uses a broad generalization from specific information?
Which type of logic uses a broad generalization from specific information?
- Symbolic Logic
- Inductive Logic (correct)
- Mathematical Logic
- Deductive Reasoning
What is the symbol that represents "and" in symbolic logic?
What is the symbol that represents "and" in symbolic logic?
- ∨
- Ʌ (correct)
- ⇒
- ¬
Which type of logic is often used in computer sciences?
Which type of logic is often used in computer sciences?
- Deductive Reasoning
- Inductive Logic
- Symbolic Logic
- Mathematical Logic (correct)
In deductive reasoning, if the premises are true, what can be said about the conclusion?
In deductive reasoning, if the premises are true, what can be said about the conclusion?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between symbolic logic and mathematical logic?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between symbolic logic and mathematical logic?
According to the example in the content, what conclusion is reached if the following propositions are true: "All mammals feed their babies milk from the mother." "All cats feed their babies mother’s milk." "All cats are mammals."
According to the example in the content, what conclusion is reached if the following propositions are true: "All mammals feed their babies milk from the mother." "All cats feed their babies mother’s milk." "All cats are mammals."
What does the example in the content suggest about the conclusion made from inductive reasoning?
What does the example in the content suggest about the conclusion made from inductive reasoning?
If someone were to use logic to solve a problem, what would they be doing?
If someone were to use logic to solve a problem, what would they be doing?
What is the main difference between Formal and Informal logic?
What is the main difference between Formal and Informal logic?
Which of the following examples best illustrates an argument made using Informal logic?
Which of the following examples best illustrates an argument made using Informal logic?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the application of logic in mathematics?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the application of logic in mathematics?
What is a key characteristic of symbolic logic that sets it apart from other types of logic?
What is a key characteristic of symbolic logic that sets it apart from other types of logic?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between logic and philosophy?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between logic and philosophy?
Flashcards
Logic
Logic
The study of correct reasoning based on the meaning of terms.
Formal Logic
Formal Logic
The study of deductively valid inferences expressed in a formal language.
Informal Logic
Informal Logic
Reasoning used in daily conversations and informal arguments.
Proposition
Proposition
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Premises
Premises
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Conclusion
Conclusion
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Inference
Inference
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Mathematical Logic
Mathematical Logic
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Symbolic Logic
Symbolic Logic
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Deductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
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Inductive Logic
Inductive Logic
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Logical Implication
Logical Implication
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Study Notes
Introduction to Logic
- Logic is the study of correct reasoning, based on the meaning of terms.
- It's a formal science, investigating how conclusions follow from propositions.
- Logic is a branch of philosophy used to distinguish good from bad reasoning.
Types of Logic
- Formal Logic: Focuses on deductive inferences and the form of arguments expressed in formal language. The premises must be true for a valid conclusion.
- Informal Logic: Used in everyday reasoning, evaluations of arguments, and personal exchanges.
- Symbolic Logic: Deals with how symbols relate to each other in order to check the validity of statements. Uses mathematical processes.
- Mathematical Logic: Applies formal logic to mathematics and a basis for computer sciences. Can be used interchangeably with symbolic logic.
Deductive Reasoning
- Deductive reasoning provides evidence of a conclusion's truth.
- It uses specific and accurate premises to reach accurate conclusions. Valid premises lead to a verifiable correct conclusion.
Inductive Reasoning
- Inductive reasoning is "bottom-up," taking specific information to make broad generalizations, which are considered probable.
- Conclusions may not be accurate.
- Usually involves establishing a rule from repeated experiences.
Elements of Logical Arguments
- Propositions: Statements that can be either true or false. These are the foundation of logical arguments.
- Premises: Propositions used to build an argument.
- Inference: The process of deriving a conclusion from premises.
- Conclusion: The statement that is derived from the premises.
Example of Deductive Reasoning
- Premises: All people are mortal. You are a person.
- Conclusion: Therefore, you are mortal.
Example of Inductive Reasoning
- Premises: All observed crows are black.
- Conclusion: Therefore, all crows are probably black.
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