Introduction to Logic

Logic

• Logic, a branch of philosophy, focuses on correct thinking and reasoning rather than knowledge of specific subjects.
• Its primary concern is the truth or validity of arguments about various objects.
• Aristotle, an influential ancient Greek philosopher, pioneered a systematic logical method.
• He defined truth as the alignment of knowledge with reality, asserting that truth exists when mental representations (ideas) correspond with actual facts.
• Key principles of truth include:
  • Declaring what exists is true, while stating what does not exist is false.
  • The relationship between thoughts and the reality they represent leads to the concept of correspondence, emphasizing common sense.

Aesthetics

• Aesthetics examines beauty and the nature of what makes things beautiful, highlighting its philosophical significance.
• It enhances knowledge, making understanding of the world vibrant and applicable.
• Engaging with aesthetics allows individuals to experience life more deeply through art and beauty.
• As a discipline, aesthetics also includes studying the nature and interpretation of art, focusing on sensory experiences.
• Beauty, an essential aspect of aesthetics, is perceived as pleasure derived from individuals, places, objects, or ideas.

Three Theories of Aesthetics

• Theories explore different perspectives on beauty and art, including:
  • Formalism: Emphasizes the form and structure of an artwork over the content or context.
  • Expressionism: Focuses on the emotional and expressive qualities of art, reflecting the creator's feelings.
  • Pragmatism: Considers the practical effects and social implications of art and beauty in real-life contexts.