Introduction to Leukocytes: Phagocytes and Immunocytes

Which type of leukocyte arrives at the site of inflammation after neutrophils and does not die in the process?

What are the primary granules present in myelocytes and metamyelocytes responsible for?

What is the main function of T lymphocytes?

Which leukocyte type produces antibodies needed for humoral immunity?

What is the role of basophils in the immune system?

Which leukocyte type destroys tumor cells and cells infected with viruses?

Which leukocyte type modulates the allergic response caused by basophil degranulation?

What percentage of nucleated cells in the bone marrow do neutrophilic myelocytes make up?

Which leukocyte type represents 80% of lymphocytes in the blood?

What is the main function of promyelocytes in the bone marrow?

What is the N:C ratio of the band neutrophil?

What percentage of nucleated cells in the bone marrow does the band neutrophil make up?

What color are the specific/secondary granules in the cytoplasm of the band neutrophil?

How many lobes does the nucleus of a segmented neutrophil typically have?

In response to infection or growth factor, which type of granules stain in the cytoplasm of a segmented neutrophil?

What percentage of peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) do band neutrophils make up?

What is the shape of the nucleus in a band neutrophil?

What are the typical characteristics of the cytoplasm in a segmented neutrophil?

What type of granules are present but usually don't stain in a segmented neutrophil unless in response to infection or growth factor?

What does N:C ratio stand for in the context of band and segmented neutrophils?

What is the percentage range of nucleated cells in the bone marrow that segmented neutrophils make up?

What is the size range of both band and segmented neutrophils?

What is the size range of eosinophils?

Which leukocyte type makes up less than 1% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow?

What do basophil granules contain?

How do neutrophils mature in the bone marrow?

What causes necrosis in cells?

What is the main function of myelocytes in the bone marrow?

What distinguishes eosinophils from other leukocytes based on their morphology?

What condition is characterized by the presence of immature leukocytes and immature (nucleated) erythrocytes in the blood?

What condition is associated with a decrease in the absolute number of eosinophils?

What condition is characterized by an increase in the absolute number of basophils?

Which condition is caused by a congenital enzymatic defect of NADPH oxidase in granulocytes and monocytes?

What condition is characterized by a tendency in neutrophils to have 1 or 2 lobes in their nucleus?

What rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by abnormal intracellular protein transport?

What is characterized by 5 or more lobes in the neutrophil nucleus and is associated with megaloblastic anemia?

What process leads to the rapid and free exchange of neutrophils between the circulating granulocyte pool and marginating granulocyte pool?

Which type of granules, when stained in the cytoplasm of segmented neutrophils, indicates persistent staining and is responsible for toxic granulation?

What do Doehle bodies, small oval inclusions located in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, contain?

What characteristic differentiates the regenerative shift to the left from the degenerative shift to the left in neutrophils?

Which leukocyte type expresses Fc receptors for IgE and modulates the allergic response caused by basophil degranulation?

Which factor initiates the classic signs of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (Type I) through histamine release?

Which condition causes a short-term increase in the total WBC count and in the absolute number of neutrophils without an actual change in the total blood granulocyte pool or toxic changes to neutrophils?

Which abnormality is characterized by a nucleus that is usually round instead of the dumbbell shape normally seen?

Which anomaly is associated with large, crystalline, Dohle-like inclusions in the neutrophil cytoplasm?

Which anomaly is characterized by large azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm due to an enzyme defect?

Which type of granules are typically present in the cytoplasm of neutrophils with toxic granulation?

Which anomaly is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait?

Which abnormality is frequently accompanied by hypogranulation?

Which type of leukocyte may have large, crystalline, Dohle-like inclusions on Wright's stain in the presence of a specific anomaly?

What should be differentiated from the large azurophilic granules seen in Alder-Reilly anomaly?

In which cell line can large azurophilic granules appear due to an enzyme defect in Alder-Reilly anomaly?

Which of the following statements about monocytes is NOT true?

What condition is associated with an increase in the absolute number of monocytes?

Which of the following is the most common lipid storage disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern?

What is the main function of spleen macrophages?

Which of the following diseases is characterized by large azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm due to an enzyme defect?

What condition is characterized by a decrease in the absolute number of monocytes?

What is the function of bone marrow macrophages?

What is true about prolymphocytes?

What distinguishes reactive lymphocytes from lymphoblasts?

What is the enzyme defect in Alder-Reilly anomaly?

Which cell type represents the transitional cell that migrates into the tissue and becomes a fixed or free macrophage?

Which cells are named according to their location in the body?

Which monocyte precursor has a round/oval eccentric nucleus with fine chromatin and no cytoplasmic granules?

Which cells contain lysosomes with hydrolytic enzymes including peroxidase and acid phosphatase?

What is the characteristic nucleus shape of a macrophage?

Which cells are derived from the myeloid progenitor cell, CFU-GM, and are acted on by growth factors and interleukins to form monocytes?

Which cells are characterized by blue-gray cytoplasm, fine azurophilic granules, and may have pseudopods and vacuoles?

"Kupffer cells" are primarily found in which organ?

What is the primary function of macrophages in the body?

Which membrane markers are used to identify T lymphocytes (T cells)?

What is the primary function of T suppressor cells (T-s, T8)?

What is the characteristic morphology associated with reactivity in B lymphocytes?

What are natural killer (NK) cells responsible for?

Which virus infects B lymphocytes and is common in the 14-24 age group?

Which condition has symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis and is transmitted by blood transfusions and saliva exchange?

Which condition is associated with adenovirus and coxsackie A virus?

What is the primary difference between the origins of leukemia and lymphoma?

Which factor is NOT listed as a possible cause for oncogene activation contributing to malignant leukocyte disorders?

What is the optimal sample for bone marrow examination?

Which chromosome abnormality is diagnostic for acute promyelocytic leukemia?

What is the predominant cell type in chronic leukemias?

Which testing method may be used for bone marrow examination?

What are the characteristics of acute leukemias in terms of survival without treatment?

What is the defining characteristic of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification?

What distinguishes small lymphoblasts with homogeneous appearance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by the FAB classification?

What is the defining characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the laboratory findings?

What is the defining characteristic of small lymphocyte lymphoma (SLL) which is the lymphoma phase of CLL?

What distinguishes Burkitt lymphoma from other types of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

What are Doehle bodies, small oval inclusions located in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, associated with?

What is the defining characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in terms of cellularity?

In Hodgkin lymphoma, which cell type is typically found in the lymph node biopsy?

What is the most common subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma based on the WHO classification?

Which condition presents as a disseminated disease with widespread skin involvement and circulating lymphoma cells?

What is the enzyme detected by the cytochemical stain myeloperoxidase (MPO)?

Which stain is used to differentiate blasts of acute myelogenous leukemias (AMLs) from acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs)?

Which type of neoplasm is classified by WHO as a T/NK cell neoplasm?

What does an increased LAP score indicate during active disease?

Which condition causes skin itching and ulcerative tumors?

$Non-Hodgkin lymphoma$ is usually seen in patients over which age?

Which malignancy is characterized by lymphocytosis greater than 100 X 10^9/L and the presence of prolymphocytes?

Which condition is identified on serum protein electrophoresis by an 'M'-spike in the gamma-globulin region?

Which malignancy results in dry tap on bone marrow aspiration due to extensive bone marrow involvement?

Which condition is associated with marked rouleaux, increased ESR, and a blue background to blood smear?

Which malignancy has the characteristic of being tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain positive?

Which condition is caused by a monoclonal gammopathy leading to excessive production of IgG or IgA with decreased production of other immunoglobulins?

Which malignancy is characterized by the presence of plasma cells and lymphocytes on a blood smear, in addition to other laboratory findings?

Which stain is useful in distinguishing acute myeloid leukemias from those that are primarily cells of monocytic origin?

Which stain detects esterase enzyme present in monocytic cells?

Which stain is useful in the diagnosis of erythroleukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Which stain detects alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in primary granules of neutrophils?

What is the reference range for LAP (Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase) score based on neutrophil grading?

What type of cells are negative for the Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain?

Which cells are positive with the Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain?

What does a positive Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) stain indicate?

What is the purpose of the LAP score based on neutrophil grading?

What does the inability to differentiate chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) from a neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR) cause?

What is the color of the precipitate observed in a positive Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) stain?

What is the defining characteristic of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in terms of cellularity?

Which condition is characterized by inappropriate erythropoiesis despite decreased erythropoietin (EPO)?

What is the primary distinguishing factor between Secondary Polycythemia and Relative (Pseudo-) Polycythemia?

Which disorder is characterized by progressive blood cytopenias despite bone marrow hyperplasia?

What is the characteristic feature of Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis in terms of laboratory findings?

What distinguishes Essential Thrombocythemia from Reactive Thrombocytosis and Polycythemia Vera?

What distinguishes Polycythemia Vera from other forms of polycythemia based on the laboratory findings?

What is the distinguishing feature of Essential Thrombocythemia in terms of the affected age group?

Which condition's accelerated phase ultimately leads to acute leukemia in most patients?

What differentiates Myelodysplastic Syndromes from other myeloproliferative neoplasms?

Which disease is most likely to be associated with an increased LAP score?

Which acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) subtype is characterized by proliferation of unipotential stem cell CFU-GM?

What is the defining characteristic of acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL)?

Which membrane markers are used to identify megakaryoblasts and atypical megakaryocytes in acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMegL)?

What is the primary distinguishing feature of BILINEAGE LEUKEMIAS?

What is the implication of JAK2 oncogene in chronic myeloproliferative disorders?

What is a distinguishing feature of TARTRATE-RESISTANT ACID PHOSPHATASE STAIN (TRAP) in hairy cell leukemia?