Introduction to Law and Legal Systems

<p>It is derived from judicial decisions and precedents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring public safety while protecting civil liberties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The judge investigates facts and applies relevant codified laws. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By comparing the case to judicial precedents and modifying based on new details. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The judge applies predetermined penalties as stated in the labor code. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new legal precedent may be established. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judges in civil law systems refer to detailed written codes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How lawyers and judges think, reason, and argue about the law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the law may be ambiguous or unclear on specific subjects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judges are bound by earlier court decisions in specific circumstances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to varying interpretations that require court clarification. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding which parts of earlier decisions are binding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil law is based predominantly on written codes, while common law develops through court decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contract law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judges have the authority to create new laws through rulings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adversarial systems rely on parties to present evidence and argue their cases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public law addresses issues that affect individuals and society as a whole, while private law deals with individual relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>House of Lords (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts of Parliament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human Rights Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detailed rules made under the authority of Acts with less scrutiny (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Laws are rules enforced by the state, while social norms are rules that lead to social disapproval.

Law maintains order, controls behavior, and protects rights both on a large and small scale.

A legal system based on precedent (past rulings), where judges create and interpret the law.

A legal system based on codified laws, where judges apply pre-written laws.

Legal systems that combine elements of both common and civil law traditions.

A legal system where judges rely on detailed, written codes of law to determine an outcome. These codes are comprehensive and often provide specific provisions for different situations.

A legal system where judges make decisions based on previous legal rulings (precedents). These precedents guide future judgments in similar cases.

The judge analyzes the facts and applies relevant code sections to determine if the employer violated a specific provision.

The judge compares the current case with past decisions (precedents) to determine the outcome. They may adjust the ruling based on new details.

The outcome is determined by the codified laws, often involving pre-defined penalties for specific violations.

The process lawyers and judges use to think, reason, and argue about the law. It includes techniques to solve legal problems, like advising clients or deciding court cases.

Words in statutes can have multiple meanings, leading to uncertainty about the law's application.

Rules courts use to clarify the meaning of laws written in statutes, especially when language is unclear.

Judges are bound by earlier court decisions in similar cases. Understanding and applying these precedents is crucial for legal reasoning.

Determining which parts of past decisions are binding and how they relate to current cases is an essential component of legal reasoning.

Public law deals with the relationship between individuals and the state, while private law governs the relationship between individuals.

Civil law deals with disputes between individuals, seeking compensation for harm, while criminal law involves offenses against the state, leading to punishment.

Adversarial systems have opposing parties presenting evidence and arguments, with a neutral judge, while inquisitorial systems have a judge actively investigating and gathering evidence.

The process of interpreting legal rules and applying precedents to specific cases, used by lawyers and judges to find solutions.

Past legal rulings are binding on future cases with similar facts, creating and interpreting the law over time.

The UK Parliament makes laws by passing Acts of Parliament, which are also known as statutes or legislation. These written laws express the will of the legislature and are the highest form of law in the UK.

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is a treaty protecting human rights. It is incorporated into UK law through the Human Rights Act 1998, meaning courts can strike down laws incompatible with the ECHR.

Primary legislation refers to Acts of Parliament, the most important laws. Secondary legislation, like statutory instruments, are detailed rules made under the authority of Acts with less scrutiny.

Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have devolved powers to pass laws in certain areas. However, they remain bound by the laws made by the UK Parliament.