Introduction to Jainism

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Questions and Answers

What is the central concept of Jainism?

  • Benevolence
  • Compassion
  • Ahimsa (correct)
  • Asceticism

Who was the first Tirthankara of Jainism?

  • Mahavira
  • Buddha
  • Rishabhadeva (correct)
  • Arya

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Principles of Jainism?

  • Satya
  • Dharma (correct)
  • Asteya
  • Ahimsa

What is the term for the experience of enlightenment in Jainism?

<p>Kaivalya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which order in Jainism is responsible for teaching or guiding others?

<p>Upadhyaya (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Tirthankaras are there in Jainism?

<p>24 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value emphasizes non-attachment to material possessions in Jainism?

<p>Aparigraha (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary virtue that Jain monks practice to gain spiritual liberation?

<p>Ascetic practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jainism is believed to have originated in the 6th century CE.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central concept of Jainism is ahimsa, which means non-violence.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The founders of Jainism are known as Muktakara.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mahavira is considered the first Tirthankara of Jainism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jainism initially had five orders of monks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Four Principles of Jainism include Aparigraha, which encourages non-attachment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mahavira attained enlightenment under a tree near the river Ganges.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term kaivalya refers to the state of enlightenment in Jainism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Jainism Origins

Jainism began in India around the 6th century CE, alongside other prominent religions.

Ahimsa

A central principle of Jainism, emphasizing non-violence towards all living beings.

Tirthankara

A spiritual leader who has achieved enlightenment in Jainism.

Mahavira

The 24th and last Tirthankara considered the most important figure in Jainism.

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Four Principles (Chatur-Ayam Dharma)

The four main values in Jain teachings, focusing on non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, and non-attachment.

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Asteya

The principle of non-stealing in Jainism, avoiding taking what is not rightfully yours

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Aparigraha

The Jain principle of non-attachment to material possessions, ideas, or people to avoid craving.

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Sadhu

The most recent order in Jain monastic hierarchy, meaning ascetic or hermit.

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What does 'Jain' mean?

The word 'Jain' comes from the Sanskrit word 'Jina,' which means 'conqueror.'

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What is the central belief of Jainism?

The central concept in Jainism is ahimsa, which means non-violence. This principle emphasizes avoiding harm to all living beings.

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Who are Tirthankaras?

Tirthankaras are the founders of Jainism, meaning 'ford-makers.' They are spiritual leaders who have achieved enlightenment.

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Who is Mahavira?

Mahavira is the 24th and last Tirthankara, considered the most important figure in Jainism. He attained enlightenment through a profound experience called kaivalya.

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What are Chatur-Ayam Dharma?

Chatur-Ayam Dharma are the four main principles of Jainism: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (non-stealing), and Aparigraha (non-attachment).

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What is Satya?

Satya is the principle of truthfulness in Jainism. It involves speaking the truth and avoiding deception in all situations.

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What is Asteya?

Asteya is the principle of non-stealing in Jainism. It means refraining from taking anything that is not rightfully yours.

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What is Aparigraha?

Aparigraha is the principle of non-attachment in Jainism. It means resisting attachment to material possessions, ideas, and people.

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Study Notes

Jainism

  • Jainism originated in India in the 6th century CE. It emerged alongside other prominent religious traditions like Buddhism, Ajivika, Lingayatism, Kapalikas, Shaivism, and Vaishnavism.
  • The word "Jain" comes from the Sanskrit word "Jina," meaning conqueror or victor.
  • The central concept of Jainism is Ahimsa, non-violence.
  • The founder of Jainism was Rishabhadeva, the first Tirthankara.
  • Tirthankaras are revered teachers who show the path to liberation from the cycle of rebirth.
  • Twenty-four Tirthankaras are recognized in Jainism.
  • The 23rd Tirthankara was Parsvanatha, who is associated with Sammed Shikhar, a significant pilgrimage site.
  • The 24th and last Tirthankara was Mahavira, believed to have achieved enlightenment under a Sal tree.
  • Mahavira's teachings emphasized the importance of right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct to achieve liberation.
  • Jainism emphasizes the concept of "Asteya" (non-theft), "Brahmacharya" (celibacy), and "Aparigraha"(non-possession).

Five Vows

  • The core practices of Jainism are encapsulated in the five vows:
    • Ahimsa (non-violence)
    • Satya (truthfulness)
    • Asteya (non-stealing)
    • Brahmacharya (chastity)
    • Aparigraha (non-attachment)

Jain Scriptures

  • Jain scriptures are known as Agams.

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