Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the word 'Islam' mean?
What does the word 'Islam' mean?
- Justice
- Charity
- Peace
- Submission (correct)
Followers of Islam are called?
Followers of Islam are called?
- Buddhists
- Jews
- Christians
- Muslims (correct)
What is the central article of faith in Islam?
What is the central article of faith in Islam?
- Turn the other cheek
- There is no god but God and Muhammad is his messenger (correct)
- Love your neighbor as yourself
- Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Which figures are considered prophets in Islam?
Which figures are considered prophets in Islam?
What is the holy book of Islam?
What is the holy book of Islam?
In what city was Muhammad born?
In what city was Muhammad born?
What are hadiths?
What are hadiths?
Who was Muhammad's first wife?
Who was Muhammad's first wife?
Who reportedly reassembled the Black Stone with silver after it broke into pieces?
Who reportedly reassembled the Black Stone with silver after it broke into pieces?
What is the name of the black cloth that covers the Kaaba?
What is the name of the black cloth that covers the Kaaba?
Which group controlled the Hijaz from 1269-1517 CE?
Which group controlled the Hijaz from 1269-1517 CE?
What is the significance of the Hijra?
What is the significance of the Hijra?
In what year was the Kaaba and surrounding mosque entirely rebuilt after floods?
In what year was the Kaaba and surrounding mosque entirely rebuilt after floods?
Which city was known as Yathrib before it was renamed?
Which city was known as Yathrib before it was renamed?
How many minarets does the mosque that exists today have?
How many minarets does the mosque that exists today have?
In the 1950s, which government carried out major modifications to the mosque?
In the 1950s, which government carried out major modifications to the mosque?
Who do Muslims believe built the Kaaba?
Who do Muslims believe built the Kaaba?
In what city did Muhammad die?
In what city did Muhammad die?
What is the approximate height of the Kaaba today?
What is the approximate height of the Kaaba today?
Who was the first caliph after Muhammad's death?
Who was the first caliph after Muhammad's death?
When was the door of the Kaaba made of solid gold?
When was the door of the Kaaba made of solid gold?
Who is considered the founder of Islam?
Who is considered the founder of Islam?
Where is the kiswa, the cloth that covers the Kaaba, made today?
Where is the kiswa, the cloth that covers the Kaaba, made today?
During whose reign was the Qur'an believed to be codified?
During whose reign was the Qur'an believed to be codified?
What is the name of the holy book in Islam?
What is the name of the holy book in Islam?
Who is allowed to visit Mecca and Medina today?
Who is allowed to visit Mecca and Medina today?
What does the term 'Shi'a' refer to?
What does the term 'Shi'a' refer to?
Which dynasty completed the Dome of the Rock?
Which dynasty completed the Dome of the Rock?
What does the term 'umma' refer to in Islam?
What does the term 'umma' refer to in Islam?
What was Muhammad's action upon reentering Mecca in 630?
What was Muhammad's action upon reentering Mecca in 630?
What is the meaning of the word 'Islam'?
What is the meaning of the word 'Islam'?
From whom do Arabs claim descent?
From whom do Arabs claim descent?
Which city is considered the most holy in Islam?
Which city is considered the most holy in Islam?
What is the Arabic word for God in Islam?
What is the Arabic word for God in Islam?
What type of belief was considered threatening to Mecca's ruling tribe?
What type of belief was considered threatening to Mecca's ruling tribe?
What is the 'hijra'?
What is the 'hijra'?
What is the Kaaba believed to be?
What is the Kaaba believed to be?
What is Muhammad considered to be by Muslims?
What is Muhammad considered to be by Muslims?
What is the Ka'aba?
What is the Ka'aba?
What is the meaning of 'jihad'?
What is the meaning of 'jihad'?
What characterized the century following Muhammad's death?
What characterized the century following Muhammad's death?
Which group composes the largest branch of Islam?
Which group composes the largest branch of Islam?
What are the 'Five Pillars of Islam'?
What are the 'Five Pillars of Islam'?
What is the name given to Islamic sacred law?
What is the name given to Islamic sacred law?
What are alcoholic beverages and pork considered in the Qur'an?
What are alcoholic beverages and pork considered in the Qur'an?
What is the division between Sunni and Shi'a Islam about?
What is the division between Sunni and Shi'a Islam about?
What movement emphasized personal spiritual experience within Islam?
What movement emphasized personal spiritual experience within Islam?
What is Dar-al-Islam?
What is Dar-al-Islam?
What does the Qur'an recommend for everyone?
What does the Qur'an recommend for everyone?
In Muslim societies, most teachers, judges, and religious leaders were typically what?
In Muslim societies, most teachers, judges, and religious leaders were typically what?
What is the term for when a man has more than one wife?
What is the term for when a man has more than one wife?
According to the Qur'an, what is the maximum number of wives a man can have?
According to the Qur'an, what is the maximum number of wives a man can have?
In Muslim societies, marriages were generally arranged by whom?
In Muslim societies, marriages were generally arranged by whom?
The Qur'an considers men and women to be what in God's eyes?
The Qur'an considers men and women to be what in God's eyes?
What is the Arabic origin of the English word for a written order to a banker to pay money held on account to a third party?
What is the Arabic origin of the English word for a written order to a banker to pay money held on account to a third party?
What is the name of the ritual where pilgrims walk around the Ka'ba seven times?
What is the name of the ritual where pilgrims walk around the Ka'ba seven times?
After Muhammad's death, Muslim rule expanded to which region?
After Muhammad's death, Muslim rule expanded to which region?
During which centuries did Turkic peoples convert to Islam?
During which centuries did Turkic peoples convert to Islam?
According to Muslim belief, the rituals of Hajj originated in the time of which prophet?
According to Muslim belief, the rituals of Hajj originated in the time of which prophet?
What facilitated the spread of Islam to West Africa?
What facilitated the spread of Islam to West Africa?
In what year did Prophet Muhammad lead the Hajj?
In what year did Prophet Muhammad lead the Hajj?
What is Hajj?
What is Hajj?
What is the spiritual journey to Mecca known as?
What is the spiritual journey to Mecca known as?
According to Islamic belief, what happens to those who die on Hajj?
According to Islamic belief, what happens to those who die on Hajj?
What is the name of the cube-shaped building in Mecca that Muslims believe was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael?
What is the name of the cube-shaped building in Mecca that Muslims believe was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael?
In which city did the Prophet Muhammad receive the first revelations?
In which city did the Prophet Muhammad receive the first revelations?
During which months does the Hajj take place, according to the Muslim calendar?
During which months does the Hajj take place, according to the Muslim calendar?
What is the term for the chapters in the Qur'an?
What is the term for the chapters in the Qur'an?
What is the direction of prayer towards Mecca known as?
What is the direction of prayer towards Mecca known as?
What is the main subject of the first sura of the Qur'an?
What is the main subject of the first sura of the Qur'an?
What is the name of the annual pilgrimage to the Kaaba?
What is the name of the annual pilgrimage to the Kaaba?
What is the Arabic meaning of the word Kaaba?
What is the Arabic meaning of the word Kaaba?
Which prophet do Muslims believe constructed the Kaaba?
Which prophet do Muslims believe constructed the Kaaba?
Who rebuilt the pre-Islamic Kaaba around 608 CE?
Who rebuilt the pre-Islamic Kaaba around 608 CE?
What is the name of the city that was formerly known as Yathrib?
What is the name of the city that was formerly known as Yathrib?
What is the Black Stone believed to have been given to Ibrahim by?
What is the Black Stone believed to have been given to Ibrahim by?
In what year was the Kaaba set on fire during the civil war?
In what year was the Kaaba set on fire during the civil war?
Which of the following is NOT one of the central points where pilgrims congregated when traveling overland?
Which of the following is NOT one of the central points where pilgrims congregated when traveling overland?
Flashcards
Qur'an
Qur'an
Islam's holy book, believed to be the direct word of God (Allah) as revealed to Muhammad.
Allah
Allah
The Arabic word for God in Islam.
The Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam
The core duties of Muslims: faith, prayer, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
Hadith
Hadith
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Sunnah
Sunnah
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Muhammad
Muhammad
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Mecca
Mecca
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Islam
Islam
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The Hijra
The Hijra
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Year of the Hijra (622 A.H.)
Year of the Hijra (622 A.H.)
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The Kaaba
The Kaaba
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Caliphs
Caliphs
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The 'Rightly-Guided' Caliphs
The 'Rightly-Guided' Caliphs
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The Qur'an
The Qur'an
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Shi'a
Shi'a
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Dome of the Rock
Dome of the Rock
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Abbasid Dynasty
Abbasid Dynasty
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Monotheism
Monotheism
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Medina (Yathrib)
Medina (Yathrib)
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Muhammad's first action upon re-entering Mecca
Muhammad's first action upon re-entering Mecca
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Islam in the seventh century.
Islam in the seventh century.
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Umma
Umma
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Hijra
Hijra
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Jihad
Jihad
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Five Pillars of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam
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Ka'aba
Ka'aba
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Sunni-Shi'a Division
Sunni-Shi'a Division
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Dar-al-Islam
Dar-al-Islam
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Sufism
Sufism
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Sufi Rituals
Sufi Rituals
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Ibn Zubayr's Reconstruction
Ibn Zubayr's Reconstruction
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Kiswa
Kiswa
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Abbasid Caliphs' Role
Abbasid Caliphs' Role
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Sultan Qaitbay's Contribution
Sultan Qaitbay's Contribution
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The Mosque Today
The Mosque Today
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1950s Saudi Modifications
1950s Saudi Modifications
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Kaaba's Dimensions
Kaaba's Dimensions
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Kaaba's Golden Door
Kaaba's Golden Door
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Traditional Hajj
Traditional Hajj
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Reasons for Renovations
Reasons for Renovations
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What is Tawaf?
What is Tawaf?
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What is Hajj?
What is Hajj?
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What is Qibla?
What is Qibla?
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What is Ihram?
What is Ihram?
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What is Miqat Zamani?
What is Miqat Zamani?
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What is the Kaaba?
What is the Kaaba?
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When was the Farewell Hajj?
When was the Farewell Hajj?
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What is al-Hajar al-Aswad?
What is al-Hajar al-Aswad?
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What is Yathrib?
What is Yathrib?
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Who is Ibrahim?
Who is Ibrahim?
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Meaning of Tawaf
Meaning of Tawaf
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Why is death on Hajj not feared?
Why is death on Hajj not feared?
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Who is Angel Gabriel?
Who is Angel Gabriel?
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What did Muhammad restore?
What did Muhammad restore?
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Who were the Quraysh?
Who were the Quraysh?
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Islam on Marriage
Islam on Marriage
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Polygyny in Islam
Polygyny in Islam
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Importance of Children
Importance of Children
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Qur'an on Gender Equality
Qur'an on Gender Equality
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Gender Distinctions
Gender Distinctions
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Seclusion of Women
Seclusion of Women
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Sakk (Check)
Sakk (Check)
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Fragmentation of the Caliphate
Fragmentation of the Caliphate
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Spread of Islam to West Africa
Spread of Islam to West Africa
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Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
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Women's Role in Islam's Spread
Women's Role in Islam's Spread
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Attraction to Islam
Attraction to Islam
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Syncretism in Islam
Syncretism in Islam
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Suras
Suras
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Hajj
Hajj
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Study Notes
- Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are monotheistic faiths that share holy sites and prophets such as Abraham.
- These three religions are known as the Abrahamic faiths.
- Islam began with Prophet Muhammad; "Islam" means "surrender," signifying surrender to God's will.
- The central tenet of Islam is "There is no god but God and Muhammad is his messenger."
Core Beliefs and Texts
- Followers of Islam are called Muslims, who believe they are following in the tradition of figures like Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
- The Qur'an provides limited detail about Muhammad’s life.
- Hadiths, sayings of the Prophet compiled after his death, offer a larger narrative, though their accuracy is debated.
Muhammad's Life
- Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 C.E.
- He married Khadija, a wealthy widow, who was also his employer.
- Around 610 C.E., Muhammad had his first religious experience when the Angel Gabriel instructed him to recite.
- Muhammad accepted his role as God’s prophet and began preaching the word of God, or Allah.
- His first convert was his wife, Khadija.
- Muhammad's divine recitations form the Qur'an, which is organized into surahs (books) and ayat (verses).
- Due to the monotheistic focus of these revelations threatening Mecca's ruling tribe, the early Muslims faced significant persecution.
- In 622, Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca for Medina, an event known as the Hijra, marking the start of the Muslim calendar.
- Between 625-630 C.E., battles occurred between Meccans, Muhammad, and the Muslim community, resulting in Muhammad's victory and reentry into Mecca in 630.
- Muhammad purged the Kaaba of idols, making it the most important center for pilgrimage in Islam.
- It's believed that Abraham and his son Ishmael built the Kaaba.
- Muhammad died in Medina in 632, and Muslims consider him the final prophet in a line including Moses, Abraham, and Jesus.
After Muhammad's Death
- The century after Muhammad’s death saw military conquest and expansion.
- Muhammad was succeeded by the "rightly-guided" Caliphs: Abu Bakr (632-34 C.E.), Umar (634-44 C.E.), Uthman (644-56 C.E.), and Ali (656-661 C.E.).
- The Qur'an was codified during Uthman’s reign.
- The death of Ali, who was married to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima, led to the split between the Shi’a and Sunni branches of Islam.
- The Shi’a believed Ali should have directly succeeded Muhammad.
- Sunnis, the largest branch of Islam, did not believe that Ali should have directly succeeded Muhammad.
- In the 7th and 8th centuries, Arab armies conquered territories in the Middle East, North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and Central Asia.
- The Umayyad Dynasty emerged, with Abd al-Malik completing the Dome of the Rock in 691/2 C.E.
- The Abbasid Dynasty replaced the Umayyads in 749/50 C.E., after which no single ruler controlled all Islamic lands.
Origins and Spread of Islam
- Prophet Muhammad founded Islam in the 7th century.
- Within a century, it became widespread, adapting to local cultures across regions.
- Nowadays, there are 1.8 billion Muslims connected in a community of belief.
- Muhammad's visions were compiled into the Qur'an.
- Muhammad began preaching in Mecca, facing resistance but also gaining followers.
- The Hijra marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
- In Medina, Muhammad formed the first umma: those who comply with God's will, uniting followers from different tribes.
- By 632, Muslim forces had conquered the Arabian peninsula.
- Islam means "submission to God," and Mecca became its holiest city.
Religious Ideas and Practices
- Islam's religious practices and straightforward doctrines attracted converts.
- The Qur'an outlines monotheistic theology, with Allah as all-powerful and all-knowing.
- Muhammad is regarded as Allah's prophet.
- Jihad means "self-exertion," striving to submit to God, spread God's rule, and lead a virtuous life.
- The Five Pillars of Islam, according to the shari'a (sacred law), are:
- Profession of faith
- Regular prayer
- Fasting during Ramadan
- Giving alms
- Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
- The Qur'an prohibits alcohol, gambling, and certain foods like pork.
- Muhammad called for unity within the umma, but disputes over his successor led to a split between Sunnis and Shi'a.
- Sufism emerged in the 8th century, emphasizing personal spiritual experience and union with God.
- Sufis followed the Qur'an and shari'a.
- They were often wandering ascetics, venerated as saints, with distinctive rituals.
Society and Family Life
- The Qur'an recommends marriage and approves of heterosexual sex within marriage.
- Polygyny was limited to four wives, who must be treated equitably.
- Marriages were generally arranged by family, emphasizing procreation.
- The Qur'an holds men and women as equal in Ggod's eyes.
- Distinctions remain, such as men being allowed up to four wives and daughters inheriting half of a son's share.
- Women played a role in early Islam, but seclusion became more common after the first generation.
- Muslim law gave women more property rights than other contemporary codes.
- Muslim merchants developed business practices like the sakk (check).
Expansion of Islam
- Within a century of Muhammad's death, Muslim rule expanded from the Iberian peninsula to Central Asia.
- The caliphate broke apart, leading to regional Muslim states.
- Turkic peoples converted to Islam in the 9th-10th centuries, Mongols in the 13th century.
- Merchants and teachers spread Islam to West Africa, East Africa, and Southeast Asia.
- Intermarriage between Muslim traders and local women aided its spread.
- People were attracted by Islam's teachings, approval of trade, and global connections.
- Converts blended existing religious ideas, creating diverse Islamic practices and rituals.
- Diversity continues today, with 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide.
The Qur'an
- The Qur'an's chapters are called suras, divided into verses.
- It is recited in daily prayers and on occasions.
Mecca and the Hajj
- Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, and it is central to Muslim belief.
- It is required once in a lifetime, if possible.
- Mecca is considered the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad.
- The Kaaba is Islam's holiest site.
- The Ka’ba is believed to have been built by Abraham and his son Ishmael.
- Mecca is viewed as a spiritual center and the heart of Islam.
- The Hajj rituals have remained unchanged since its beginning.
- Before Islam, Mecca was an important pilgrimage site for Arab tribes.
Hajj Rituals and Journey
- Hajj involves rituals in and around Mecca over five to six days.
- Tawaf involves walking around the Ka‘ba seven times.
- The rituals originate from the time of the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham).
- Muhammad led the Hajj himself in 632.
- Now, the Hajj attracts about three million pilgrims annually.
- Pilgrims historically traveled in convoys, facing dangers like illness or robbery.
- It is believed those who die on Hajj will go to heaven with their sins erased.
- Pilgrims can now travel by airplane to Saudi Arabia.
- Hajj takes place during the last three months of the Muslim calendar (Miqat Zamani).
- Main acts occur during the twelfth month.
- Pilgrims followed routes from Kufa, Damascus, and Cairo.
Prayer and the Kaaba
- Pilgrimage to a holy site is a core principle of many faiths.
- The Kaaba is a square building draped in silk and cotton located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
- It is considered the holiest shrine in Islam.
- Muslims pray five times a day, directed towards Mecca and the Kaaba.
- This direction is called qibla.
- Prayer five times a day and the hajj are two of the five pillars of Islam.
- Pilgrims perform tawaf, circumambulating the Kaaba, hoping to touch the Black Stone.
History and Modifications of the Kaaba
- The Kaaba was a sanctuary in pre-Islamic times.
- Muslims believe Abraham and his son, Ismail, constructed the Kaaba.
- It was originally a simple, unroofed rectangular structure.
- The Quraysh tribe rebuilt the Kaaba around 608 CE.
- Muhammad was driven out of Mecca in 620 CE.
- Upon his return in 629/30 CE, the Kaaba became the focal point for Muslim worship and pilgrimage.
- The Kaaba housed the Black Stone and statues of pagan gods before Islam.
- Muhammad cleansed the Kaaba of idols after winning back Mecca, which restored it to monotheism.
- The Black Stone is believed to have been given to Ibrahim by the angel Gabriel.
- Muhammad made a final pilgrimage in 632 CE.
Additional Construction
- The area around the Kaaba was expanded to accommodate pilgrims.
- Caliph ‘Uthman built colonnades and incorporated monuments.
- The Kaaba was set on fire in 683 CE during a civil war causing the Black Stone to break, and Ibn Zubayr reassembled it.
- The Kaaba was rebuilt in wood and stone.
- Under the Umayyad caliph al-Walid, the mosque was decorated with mosaics.
- The Kaaba was covered with kiswa, a black cloth replaced annually during the hajj, from the seventh century.
- Under the Abbasid Caliphs, the mosque was expanded and modified.
- In 1631 CE, the Kaaba and mosque were rebuilt after floods.
- Renovations occurred in the 1950s by the Saudi Arabian government.
- Nowadays the mosque covers almost 40 acres.
The Kaaba Today
- The Kaaba, a cubical structure, is fifteen meters tall, with corners aligned to cardinal directions.
- The door is made of solid gold since 1982.
- The kiswa is made in Saudi Arabia.
- All pilgrims undertook the hajj by caravan across the desert before modern transportation.
- Mecca and Medina are only open to Muslims today.
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Description
Explore the core tenets of Islam, including the meaning of 'Islam,' the central articles of faith, and the role of prophets. Learn about the Quran, Muhammad's life, and key historical events. Discover Islamic traditions surrounding the Kaaba.
