Podcast
Questions and Answers
Shiites believe that community leadership was reserved for the prophet Muhammad's family through his daughter ______.
Shiites believe that community leadership was reserved for the prophet Muhammad's family through his daughter ______.
Fatima
The largest and most important group of Shi'a are known as ______.
The largest and most important group of Shi'a are known as ______.
Twelvers
Shiites attach peculiar value to suffering and martyrdom, giving it an almost ______ character.
Shiites attach peculiar value to suffering and martyrdom, giving it an almost ______ character.
redeeming
Ismailis take their name from ______, son of the sixth Imam.
Ismailis take their name from ______, son of the sixth Imam.
The official religion of Yemen, which admits the election of imams, is ______.
The official religion of Yemen, which admits the election of imams, is ______.
Islam means submission to God's ______.
Islam means submission to God's ______.
The Quran is the final revelation given to the last of the great ______.
The Quran is the final revelation given to the last of the great ______.
The Five Pillars of Islam include the proclamation of faith, prayer, ______, fasting, and pilgrimage.
The Five Pillars of Islam include the proclamation of faith, prayer, ______, fasting, and pilgrimage.
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims refrain from eating, drinking and having ______.
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims refrain from eating, drinking and having ______.
The pilgrimage to Mecca is referred to as ______.
The pilgrimage to Mecca is referred to as ______.
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Study Notes
Islam
- Islam means submission to God's will.
- The Quran is the final revelation given to the last of the great prophets, Muhammad.
- The Five Pillars are:
- Proclamation of Faith or shahadah
- Prayer or salat
- Alms or zakat
- Fasting or sawn during the month of Ramadan
- The pilgrimage or hajj to Mecca
- Shiites believe community leadership was reserved for the prophet Muhammad's family.
- Shi’a shares with Sunnism its respect for the Quran and most of Islamic law.
- The main divisions are:
- Twelvers, known also as asharis
- Ismailis
- Zaidis
- Druze
- Ibadism is a branch of Islam that differs from orthodox Sunni and Shia Islam.
- Yazidis are a sect mistakenly described as worshippers of the devil.
Judaism
- The Written Law (Torah) and the Oral Law are eternal and cannot be omitted or reinterpreted.
- Reformers seek to free Judaism from orthodoxy to adapt it to the conditions of the modern world.
- Conservatives accept some adaptations of Judaism to modern life, but without giving up its values.
- Ultra-orthodoxs, Orthodox, Reformers, and Conservatives are the main divisions within Judaism.
Zoroastrianism
- Zoroaster or Zaratustra lived in the 6th century BC.
- Monotheistic religion that emphasizes the struggle of good and evil, light and darkness, angels and devils.
- Immortality of the soul.
- Tree commandments: Good thoughts, good words, and good deeds.
Mandaeism
- From Aramaic "manda" that means (mystical) "knowledge".
- Extremely syncretic, incorporates Jewish, Iranian, Babylonian, Gnostic and Christian elements.
- Writing and liturgy in Syriac.
Baha’ism
- Emerged in Iran in 1840.
- Advocates the establishment of a universal faith, synthesis between Islam, Judaism and Christianity.
- Its world center is in Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
- Three main principles: the oneness of God, the oneness of human kind and the oneness of religion.
Languages of the Region
- Three main language groups:
- Semitic languages and dialects
- Indo-European or Aryan languages
- Ural-Ultaic languages
- Semitic languages and dialects dominate the region from Iraq to the Atlantic.
- Indo-European or Aryan languages include Farsi, Kurdish, Baluchi and Luri.
- Ural-Ultaic languages include Turkish and Turkic languages.
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