46 Questions
What is the fundamental unit of interpersonal communication?
A dyad of one individual sending a message to another
What happens when a message sent from Person A fails to reach Person B?
No communication has taken place
What is the order of the sequential process in interpersonal communication?
Encode, transmit, receive, decode
What is the process of making sense of a received message called?
Decoding
What is the purpose of encoding a message?
To convert the sender's thoughts into symbolic form
What type of symbols are words an example of?
Verbal symbols
What must happen before a message can be transmitted?
The sender must encode the message
What is the role of the receiver in the communication process?
To decode the message and interpret its meaning
What is a common reason why simple messages between two individuals are not communicated effectively?
Denial of contrary information
Why do corrections officers often encode their views inaccurately?
Due to preconceived ideas
What is one of the barriers to effective communication in an organizational setting?
Poor organizational climate
Why is it important for the sender to formulate their meaning properly?
To say what one intends to say
What can block the communication or alter the meaning of the message?
Series of communication barriers
What can contribute to a poor organizational climate?
Insisting on formality in communication
What can result from the use of complex channels of communication?
Red tape and rigidity in the organization
Why may a message from a professional be misunderstood by a layperson?
Because the professional uses personalized meanings
According to Henderson and Hollin (1983), what can improve an offender's ability to overcome denial?
Social-skills training
What can lead to a lack of motivation or interest in communication?
Excessive use of memoranda
What is the term used to describe the process of rejecting information that conflicts with one's prior knowledge or beliefs?
Denial of contrary information
Why is it important for practitioners in the field of criminal justice to be fluent in street language?
To communicate effectively with clients and the public
What is the result of a lack of communication skills in a practitioner in the field of criminal justice?
Poor communication
What is a primary benefit of downward communication in an organization?
Providing job-related information and performance reviews
What can be a drawback of upward communication from subordinates?
It can be risky for subordinates to be truthful with superiors
What can happen when there is a breakdown in the chain of command in an organization?
The effectiveness of management is weakened
What is a benefit of horizontal communication among organizational members?
It facilitates task coordination and mutual support among team members
What can be a consequence of excessive reliance on horizontal communication?
It can isolate groups from the hierarchy
What is the primary purpose of exclusionary rules in criminal trials?
To prohibit the communication of evidence obtained illegally
What is the main idea behind the 9/11 Commission's recommendation to intelligence agencies?
To share information and work together to confront the terrorist threat
What is the typical way for new members of an organization to learn communication rules?
Through trial and error or informal training
What type of rules govern standard word usage or consensus on the name of a concept in an organization?
Content rules
What can result from a failure to understand or conform to communication rules in an organization?
Impeded successful communication and misunderstandings
What is a characteristic of kinship networks within organizations?
They are formed more for personal than for professional motives
What is a benefit of networks that connect individuals across subgroups within an organization?
They can increase productivity
What is a common factor that can contribute to the formation of kinship networks within the criminal justice system?
The uniqueness of one's task role
What is a recommendation made by the 9/11 Commission in relation to intelligence agencies?
To construct networks between governmental and private intelligence agencies
Why do police and corrections officers often meet socially at a local tavern after their shifts?
To discuss work-related problems and strengthen the bonds of the group
What is the purpose of a judge wearing a black robe and sitting at an elevated bench?
To make a symbolic statement of authority
What can be conveyed through facial expressions?
Friendship, fear, or deceit
What can result from a failure to understand nonverbal cues in face-to-face communication?
Increased misunderstandings
What is the significance of nonverbal messages in criminal justice?
They are used for communication in addition to verbal messages
What is the importance of understanding nonverbal communication in face-to-face interactions?
It is important for effective communication
What is the main purpose of instructional information in an organization?
To provide individuals with information on how to proceed towards a goal
What is the significance of cogent communication in organizations?
It facilitates the implementation of policies and programs
What is the primary purpose of providing information about the environment and expectations in an organization?
To enable individuals to perform their roles effectively
What is the role of judges in the context of communication in organizations?
They learn and relearn the rules that apply to court proceedings
What is the relationship between motivation and retaining information in education and training?
Interest in materials presented and retaining information are related
Learn about the basics of interpersonal communication, including the process of encoding, transmitting, and receiving messages between two individuals. Understand how communication can fail if a message is not received by the intended person.
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