Introduction to Internet and World Wide Web

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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the Principal architect of ARPANET?

J.C.R. Licklider

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Ray Tomilson

Lawrence Roberts (correct)

The World Wide Web was invented before the ARPANET.

False

What year was the first email sent?

1971

The formal specification that defines procedures for data transmission is called a __________.

protocol Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their contributions:

J.C.R. Licklider = Envisioned globally interconnected computers Ray Tomilson = Sent the first email Sir Tim Berners-Lee = Invented the World Wide Web Lawrence Roberts = Principal architect of ARPANET Signup and view all the answers

What protocol did ARPANET adopt in 1983?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Signup and view all the answers

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

Set standards and guidelines for the internet Signup and view all the answers

Each electronic document on the web is called a __________.

web page Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many hosts were on the internet by 1987?

30,000 Signup and view all the answers

What does HTTPS stand for?

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure Signup and view all the answers

An ISP provides services only for internet access.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a domain name system (DNS)?

To store domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the last segment of the domain name.

Top Level Domain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following data transmission technologies with their description:

Dial-up = Connection method using a telephone line DSL = Digital connection over phone lines Cable modem = Connection using cable TV infrastructure Fiber optic = High-speed data transmission using light signals Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is used for sending electronic messages?

SMTP Signup and view all the answers

The IP Address is a text version of a domain name.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does a URL represent?

A uniform resource locator. Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a private network accessible only by an organization’s members.

Intranet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of internet connection provided by ISPs?

Bluetooth Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Internet

An interconnected network of computers globally, using common standards to communicate and exchange data.
J.C.R Licklider (MIT, 1962) envisioned a globally interconnected computer system for easy access.
Pentagon's ARPANET (1969) was a functional network for US academic and scientific research.
Lawrence Roberts was a key architect of ARPANET.
Ray Tomlinson sent the first email in 1972.
ARPANET adopted TCP/IP in 1983, enabling a significant increase in the number of hosts (nearly 30,000 in 1987).
The World Wide Web became commercialized in 1995.
The Federal Networking Council (NFC) defined the term "Internet" in 1989.
Internet is logically linked by a unique address space (Internet Protocol).
Supports communication using TCP/IP and other compatible protocols.

World Wide Web

A collection of interconnected multimedia documents stored on the internet, accessed via a standard protocol (HTTP).
Each electronic document is a web page.
A collection of web pages forms a website.

Protocols

Protocols are formal specifications defining procedures for data transmission.
TCP/IP is a foundational protocol for managing communication between servers and clients.
HTTP is a standard for exchanging information between browsers and web servers.
HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP, encrypting information exchanged.
FTP allows interactive file transfer between systems.
SMTP handles electronic message and attachment transfer.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Oversees internet research and standards, with 350 member organizations.

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

British computer scientist who invented the web in 1989.
Created 3 fundamental web technologies:
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language): Markup language for the web.
- URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) / URL: Unique address identifying resources on the web.
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Facilitates retrieving linked resources.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Provide services like internet access, transit, domain registration, and hosting.
Use various connection technologies to connect with customers (e.g., dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless, fiber optics).

IP Addresses and Domain Names

Unique number identifying a device on the internet (IP address).
Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain names (text-based addresses) to IP addresses.
Top-level domains are the last segments of a domain name (e.g., .com, .org).

Other Protocols

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): used for interactive file transfer.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): used for transferring email.
Intranet: a private network accessible only to authorized members.

Web Addresses (URLs)

A uniform resource locator specifying the full address of a webpage or file.

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Description

This quiz covers the foundational concepts of the Internet and World Wide Web, exploring their history, key figures, and technological advancements. From ARPANET to TCP/IP and the commercialization of the web, test your knowledge on these critical developments in digital communication.