Introduction to Information Systems Quiz

Study Notes

Information systems are a combination of information and systems.
A system is a group of interconnected components working together to achieve shared goals.
Every system has inputs and outputs, defined boundaries, and is influenced by its environment.
Systems can be simple (e.g., making tea), complicated (e.g., a car engine), or complex and adaptive (e.g., the human brain, economies).
Social phenomena are complex, difficult to predict with traditional methods.

Data are raw facts.
Data can be represented in various types: alphanumeric (numbers, letters), audio, image, and video.
Structured data is organized (e.g., student data in a table).
Unstructured data lacks a predefined format (e.g., emails).

Information is organized and processed data, adding value beyond individual facts.
Rules and relationships organize data into useful information.
The value of information depends on the connections between existing data.
"Informed" decision-makers use information effectively.
Turning data into information is a process that requires a set of logical, related tasks.

An IS is a set of interconnected components collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating data and information.
IS have components including input, processing, output, and feedback.
Input involves gathering raw data; processing involves transforming data into useful output.
Output is useful information (e.g., documents, reports); feedback allows changes to input or processing.
IS have feedback mechanisms to ensure they meet their goals.

Manual Information Systems don't use computerized devices. Data collection, storage and retrieval are done manually.
Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) use hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures to collect, process, store and disseminate data and information.
Components of CBIS include Technology Infrastructure (hardware, software, and networking), people, and procedures.

Examples of IS for organizations include Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM),
SCM manages information flows to maximize supply chain effectiveness and profitability. CRM involves managing all aspects of a customer’s relationship with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention.