Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of main memory in a computer system?

  • To enhance the resolution of output devices.
  • To execute software applications.
  • To rapidly supply data and instructions to the CPU. (correct)
  • To provide a storage area for graphical data.

Which device allows users to input data and receive results from a computer?

  • Speakers
  • Monitor
  • Keyboard (correct)
  • Printer

What is a characteristic of multicore processors?

  • They are larger than single-core processors.
  • They contain only one core.
  • They have multiple independent processing units. (correct)
  • They exclusively manage input devices.

According to Moore's Law, what happens to the number of transistors on a chip every 2 years?

<p>It doubles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an input device?

<p>Printer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for learning about databases and big data?

<p>To solve specific computing problems efficiently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of systems software?

<p>Web browsers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Database Management System (DBMS) mainly support?

<p>Efficient data storage, retrieval, and management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Big Data?

<p>Large volumes of data that can be processed to derive insights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common technologies used to process Big Data?

<p>Hadoop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of a Chief Information Officer (CIO)?

<p>To aid in the acceptance and diffusion of IS ideas or products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary benefit of retail organizations monitoring social networks?

<p>To engage brand advocates and identify brand adversaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of senior IS managers?

<p>Communicating with other areas of the organization to assess business needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a data steward?

<p>To oversee the management of critical data elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is responsible for maintaining the security and integrity of an organization's systems?

<p>IS security analysts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for effective data governance?

<p>Business leadership and active participation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of devices are classified as hardware?

<p>Devices that can be physically manipulated, like desktops and laptops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core component of data governance?

<p>Defining roles and responsibilities for data management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a local area network (LAN) administrator responsible for?

<p>Establishing and managing network hardware and software (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of data center managers?

<p>To oversee the organization’s computing facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In analyzing medical data, what is the primary goal for hospitals?

<p>To gain insights into patient care and outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The role of software developers primarily involves:

<p>Writing software used by customers and employees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of application software?

<p>To enable users to solve problems and perform specific tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cloud computing?

<p>A model providing shared resources over a network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does edge computing primarily focus on?

<p>Analyzing data from IoT devices at the network's edge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as an integrated set of functions that handles data processes within an organization?

<p>Database Management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is green computing concerned with?

<p>Efficient and environmentally responsible practices in IT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered to be a statistic software?

<p>SPSS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Hadoop is responsible for data processing?

<p>MapReduce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are characteristics of big data?

<p>Extreme volume, wide variety, and fast velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of application software?

<p>Word Processing Program (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Y' in YARN stand for in Hadoop's resource management unit?

<p>Yet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines open-source software?

<p>Software that can be modified and is free (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a big data lake?

<p>Access and extract data for specific analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions do software suites perform?

<p>Integrate multiple software applications into one package (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the capabilities of typical Database Management Systems (DBMS) in relation to big data?

<p>Struggle with vast data volumes, types, and velocity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of mashups in software development?

<p>To integrate functionalities from multiple sources into a single application (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of Hadoop's Distributed File System (HDFS)?

<p>Store and manage very large data sets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of software includes operating systems and utilities?

<p>System software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the velocity characteristic of big data?

<p>The rate at which data is generated and needs processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CIO role

The Chief Information Officer uses the IS department's resources (equipment and personnel) to help the organization achieve its goals.

Senior IS Managers

Communicate with other parts of the company to understand evolving business needs.

Data Center Managers

Maintain and operate the organization's computer facilities.

System Operators

Run and maintain information system (IS) equipment.

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IS Security Analysts

Protect the organization's systems and data from security threats.

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LAN Administrators

Set up and manage the network's hardware, software, and security.

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Hardware

Physical computer components you can touch.

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Software

The set of instructions that tell hardware what to do.

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Coprocessors

Speed up processing by handling specific instructions while the CPU works on other tasks.

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Multicore Processor

Has two or more independent processing units (cores).

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Main Memory

Provides a working storage area for program instructions and data to be quickly accessed by the CPU.

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Moore's Law

Transistor count on a chip doubles roughly every two years, leading to increased computing power & storage.

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Input Devices

Allow users to provide data and instructions to a computer, receiving results from it.

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Software Sphere of Influence

The scope of computing problems a software system can address.

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Database

An organized collection of data.

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Big Data

Large and complex data sets that are difficult to process using traditional methods.

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Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Software systems designed to manage databases efficiently.

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Systems Software

Software that controls computer hardware, enabling higher-level applications to work.

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Cloud Computing

A model of computing where computer processing, storage, software, and services are shared as virtual resources over a network (mostly the internet).

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Edge Computing

Analyzing data from internet of things (IoT) devices at the network's edge before sending it to a data center or cloud.

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Application Software

Software used to solve problems and perform tasks, like word processing, spreadsheets, and databases.

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Green Computing

An approach to designing, manufacturing, operating, and disposing of IT products in an environmentally responsible manner.

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Open Source Software

Software with freely available source code that can be modified by users.

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Cloud-based Software Services

Software tools and applications accessed over a network (often the Internet), typically through a subscription or usage-based model.

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Software Suites

A collection of software applications bundled together.

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Mashups

Software combining functionalities and data from different applications into a single custom application.

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Data Governance

A set of rules, processes, and responsibilities ensuring that data is accurate, reliable, and used effectively by an organization.

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Data Steward

An individual who manages the quality and integrity of specific data elements within an organization.

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What is the purpose of data governance?

Data governance aims to ensure data trust, reliability, and compliance with regulations by defining roles, responsibilities, and processes for managing data.

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Why is a cross-functional team important for data governance?

A cross-functional team brings diverse perspectives and expertise, ensuring comprehensive data management strategies.

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What are the key roles involved in data governance?

Key roles include executives, project managers, line-of-business managers, and data stewards, each contributing specialized knowledge.

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Big Data Characteristics

Big data has three key characteristics: huge volume, diverse types, and high processing speed.

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Hadoop

An open-source framework for storing and processing large datasets across clusters of computers.

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MapReduce

A Hadoop component responsible for processing data in parallel across multiple nodes.

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HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)

A distributed file system used by Hadoop to store data across multiple nodes.

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YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator)

A Hadoop component that manages resources like memory and CPU for data processing.

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Database Management

A set of processes to manage data throughout its lifecycle, ensuring its accuracy, accessibility, and security.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations

  • Information systems are an organization's most valuable resource
  • Data is raw facts
  • Information is data organized to be valuable
  • Knowledge involves understanding information for tasks
  • Valuable information helps people perform tasks efficiently and effectively
  • Inaccurate data results in lost potential customers and lower satisfaction

What is an Information System?

  • An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information.
  • It uses feedback mechanisms for monitoring and controlling operations, ensuring goals are met.
  • Computer-based information systems (CBIS) use hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures to accomplish operations.
  • IS processes data into information.

Fundamental Types of IS

  • Personal IS improve individual productivity
  • Group IS improve communication and collaboration among a workgroup
  • Enterprise IS facilitate structured interactions among employees, customers, suppliers, etc.
  • Organizational complements (well-trained workers, better teamwork, etc.) improve IS outcomes

Information Systems in Organizations

  • Organizations are structured and managed to meet their mission or group goals.
  • There are relationships between members and related activities.
  • Processes define roles, responsibilities, and authorities for completing tasks.
  • Organizations are open systems, influenced by their surroundings.

Value Chains

  • Value chains are a series of activities transforming inputs into outputs.
  • Supply chains are key value chains, particularly in manufacturing.
  • Supply chain management (SCM) encompasses activities to deliver products to customers efficiently.
    • Involves steps such as Receiving, Raw material storage, Shipping, Manufacturing, Advertising, Selling, etc

Changes in the Organization

  • Reengineering involves radically redesigning business processes, structures, information systems, and values for better results.
  • Continuous improvement (Kaizen) emphasizes constant improvements in business processes and adds value to products, services.

Soft Side of Implementing Change

  • Change management models guide individuals and organizations through change.
  • Lewin's Change Model has three stages: Unfreezing, Moving/Changing, Refreezing.

Lewin's Force Field Analysis

  • Driving forces encourage change; restraining forces hinder it
  • Analyzing both can determine if change is possible
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for implementing successful change.

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

  • TAM explains factors that result in better attitudes toward a new information system
  • Factors are related to perceived usefulness (U), perceived ease of use (E), attitude toward using (A), and behavioral intention to use (BI).

Important Technical Skills for IS Workers

  • Analyzing large data sets, building applications, supporting expertise, project management, networking, cloud computing, security, data center operations, are important technical skills.

Primary Functions of the IS Organization

  • Operations group: Data center management, system operations, security analysis, local area network administration.
  • Development group: Software development, systems analysis, programming, web development.
  • Support group: Database administration, system support, and responding to user inquiries about IS.

Hardware

  • Hardware are digital devices that can be touched. These include desktop computers, laptops, mobile phones, tablets, e-readers, storage devices(USB drives), input devices(keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.) and output devices(printers, speakers)
  • Digital technologies are integrated into many everyday objects (e.g., refrigerators with monitors). Electronic signals are converted into binary values (0s and 1s), often represented as bits. A group of eight bits is called a byte.
  • The CPU (Central Processing Unit) sequences instructions, executes them, and makes decisions using arithmetic and logic units.
  • Multiprocessing involves executing multiple instructions simultaneously.

Software

  • Software controls computer functions (system software and application software)
  • Systems software coordinates hardware and other programs. Includes operating systems, and utilities.
  • Application software solves computing problems and performs specific tasks. This includes word processing, spreadsheets, database applications, and presentation graphics.
  • Types of operating systems include personal, workgroup, enterprise, and cloud-based options.

Cloud Computing

  • A distributed computer model where shared pool of virtualized resources is provided over a network; Primarily the internet.

Edge Computing

  • Allows data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices to be analyzed at the edge of the network (rather than sending all data to a central location)
  • Green computing (green IT): Concerned with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products.
  • Open-source software: Free to use and modify, not limited by specific operating systems or hardware technologies.
  • Cloud-based software services: Accessible via the internet, offering various applications, such as apps and mashups

Data Fundamentals

  • Data is organized into different levels: bits, bytes, fields, records, files, and databases.

Database and Big Data

  • Databases provide structured data access, storage, and management.
  • Database Management Systems (DBMS) enables organizations to structure, manage and control data.
  • Non-Relational DBMS (NoSQL) handle unstructured data; especially big data.
  • Big Data refers to large, diverse data sets with high volume, velocity, and variety.
  • Big Data Uses: Retail, advertising, marketing agencies, hospitals, and consumer product companies.

Data Governance

  • Data governance is responsible for ensuring reliable, accessible, and timely data for use by organizations
  • Data governance defines the roles, responsibilities, and processes for data management within an organization, as well as data leadership, participation, oversight, and effective problem-resolution.

Data Steward

  • Data steward is responsible for critically important data elements.

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Explore the key concepts of information systems and their impact on organizational efficiency in this quiz. From understanding the difference between data, information, and knowledge to identifying types of information systems, this quiz will enhance your comprehension of IS fundamentals. Test your knowledge and see how effectively you can apply these concepts in a business context.

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