Introduction to Information Communication Technology

A computer peripheral device is any external device that is connected to the computer system to enhance its capabilities and allow communication with the outside world.

A port is an interface or connector that allows data to be transferred between a computer and other devices.

ROM (Read Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory where data cannot be modified by the user.

A byte is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits.

Device drivers are software programs that enable the computer to interact with specific peripheral devices.

Primary memory is the main memory of a computer, directly accessible by the CPU; it stores data and programs currently in use. Secondary memory is non-volatile storage (like a hard disk) that holds data for longer-term storage.

A CD-ROM is a non-erasable optical disc used to store digital data, including digitized audio information.

Processing data into a usable form for humans is called Outputting.

The output unit converts data into a form that humans can understand.

Scanners are devices used to digitize printed documents and create digital images of them.

Chain printers are an older type of line printer that prints one line at a time using a chain of characters.

A CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitor is a display technology that uses an electron beam to illuminate pixels on a screen; it looks like a television and is typically used with non-portable computer systems.

The output unit displays results or information to the user, making them understandable, not the other way around.

A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a 0 or a 1.

The input unit does not convert the data into a computer-acceptable format. It's responsible for taking data from the outside world and making it ready for the computer to process.

Data is raw, unprocessed information. Information is processed data that is meaningful and useful to humans.

Computers excel at speed, accuracy, and capacity, but lack intelligence and creativity. They don't have an I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient).

Memory is an electronic storage space where data and instructions are temporarily kept for the CPU to access.

Cache memory is a small, very fast memory that stores frequently used data and instructions for quick access by the CPU. It speeds up processing by reducing the time spent fetching data from the main memory.

The processor speed for top-end personal computers is measured in gigahertz (GHz). A gigahertz is a billion cycles per second.

Dot pitch refers to the distance between pixels on a screen, influencing the clarity and sharpness of images displayed.

An icon is a small graphical symbol on a computer screen that represents an object, function, or command.

An ink-jet printer is a type of nonimpact printer that uses tiny ink droplets to create images on paper.

The rate of screen refreshment, also known as the refresh rate, determines how smoothly images appear on the screen, especially when scrolling or moving objects.

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) is a technology used to read data marked on paper documents, typically using a special scanner.

A MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) reader is a device that reads magnetic ink characters, often used for processing bank checks.

A monochrome monitor displays images or characters in a single color, typically black and white.

Voice input devices convert spoken words into digital codes that a computer can understand.

A scanner is a device used to input data by converting printed documents or images into digital form.

A mouse is a pointing device used to control a cursor on a computer screen by rolling it on a flat surface.

Flat-panel monitors (like LCD) are thinner and lighter than CRT monitors, making them more suitable for portable devices.

Auxiliary storage, also known as secondary storage, refers to non-volatile storage devices like hard drives that store data and programs for long-term use.

A bit, or a single binary digit, is represented as a magnetized spot on a disk or tape. It can be either a 0 or a 1.

Optical disk technology uses a laser beam to read and write data on a disc, enabling high storage capacity.

Magneto-optical disks combine magnetic and optical technology, allowing both reading and writing data using a laser beam and magnetic fields. This provides high capacity and erasability.