Introduction to Information and Communication Technology

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• ICT involves breaking the ice with technology through a "Tech Whisper Chain" activity.
• The lessons covered are "What is ICT?", "ICT in Everyday Life", "Evolution of ICT", "Core Concepts", and "Computer Operations."

What is ICT?

• ICT includes Information, Communication, and Technology.
• Information: Things that are or can be known about a given topic, and are communicable knowledge of something.
• Example of Information: Getting news that an exam is postponed.
• Communication: The act or fact of communicating anything, a transmission of information.
• Example of Communication: Telling a friend about the postponement of an exam.

Definition of ICT

• ICT is a diverse set of technological tools and resources.
• It is used to transmit, store, create, share, or exchange information.
• Technological tools and resources include computers.
• The internet include websites, blogs, and emails.
• Live broadcasting technologies include Radio, television and webcasting.
• Recorded broadcasting technologies include podcasting, audio and video players, and storage devices.
• ICT is simply communicating pieces of information using technology.

ICT in Daily Life

• People are often asked to consider how many times they check their phones in the morning, or update their Facebook or Twitter status daily.
• Computers are everywhere: home, school, work and business.
• Computers make it easier to communicate.
• ICT enables organizations to operate more efficiently.
• Employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth running of any business, with robot technology assisting in workplaces like pharmacies.
• ICT applications enable businesses to carry out their functions more effectively in the workplace.
• Most schools and higher education institutions have computers in the classrooms for teachers and students.
• Banking systems rely on computer systems worldwide, with electronic banking providing 24-hour services.
• Electronic banking services includes Automated teller machine (ATM), electronic fund transfer, pay by phone system, cheque deposit, direct deposit, and internet banking

Evolution of ICT

• In pre historic days, humans communication through signs or symbols as evidenced by cave paintings and drawings, rock art, stone carving and the like.
• A shift to answering math problems using computing:

Time line of ICT

• 1650: Horn Book a wooden paddle wth printed lessons that was used during the colonial era.
• 1820: Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine computing machine used in calculating and printing simple math tables.
• 1830: Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, a second computing machine to solve complex problems by following instructions.
• 1870: The Magic Lantern, an early slide projector, projected images printed on glass plates
• 1890: The school state was invented.
• 1890: The chalkboard is one of the biggest inventions in educational technology and remains in use today.
• 1905: The Stereoscope is a three-dimensional viewing tool used for entertainment and to illustrate points during lectures.
• 1920: Radio used for on-air classes for any student within listening range.
• 1925: Film projector is also called a movie projector which is used for projecting moving images from film.
• 1930: Initially used by the US military, the overhead projector quickly spread to schools and other organizations.
• 1936-1938: Konrad Zuse created the Z1 in his parents' living room, considered the first functional modern computer.
• 1947: Bell Telephone Company invented the transistor, one of the vital components of the computer.
• 1950: Headphones used in schools to do individual listening for audio files.
• 1951: Videotapes used as exciting method of instruction.
• 1953: IBM publicly introduced the 701, the first commercial scientific computer machine, on April 7.
• 1964: Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse this pointing device is still being used today.
• 1969: ARPANET, the first internet, interconnected computer networks.
• 1972: Handheld calculators entered classrooms for mathematical computation.
• 1977: The Apple II Computer was released.
• 1981: IBM introduced its first personal computer.
• 1991: PowerBook 100 manufactured by Sony for Apple Computer, the first laptop.

Core Concepts

Digital Native

• A digital native is someone who grew up with the presence of digital technology or in the information age.
• Millennials: Born between 1980-1995
• Gen Z: Born between 1995-2010
• Gen Alpha: Born between 2010 to present day
• Silent Traditionalists: born 96-76 years old

Digital Natives Stats

• Millennials (41-26 years old):

  • 73% indicate technology, including for teleworking, improves work-life balance.
  • Prefer online banking and promotions, with 31% using apps to seek deals.

• Gen Z (26-11 years old):

  • 40% consider Wi-Fi, including public Wi-Fi, more important than bathrooms.
  • Spend 50 more minutes on smartphones every day than other generations.

• Gen Alpha (11 years old to newborn):

  • 44% consider mobile devices, like tablets, their favorite toy.
  • 56% play video games, including to connect with others. -Silent Traditionalists (96-76 years old) :
  • 63% use computers to increase communication
  • 60% prefer emails for communication

• Generation Beta: begins in 2025 and are those born between 2025 and 2039.

  • This group will make up 16% of the global population by 2035.
  • This group will be the children of younger Gen Ys/Millennials and older Gen Zs and many will live to see the 22nd century.

What Employees Want by Generation

• Baby Boomers (1946-1964):

  • Best Work Traits: Optimistic, enjoy mentoring, strong work ethic.
  • What They Want: Loyal employer, hierarchical culture, chance to mentor others, respect.

• Gen X (1965-1979):

  • Best Work Traits: Independent, innovative, strong communicators.
  • What They Want: Trustworthy employer, problem-solving opportunities, competent colleagues, autonomy.

• Millennials (1980-1995):

  • Best Work Traits: Tech-savvy, collaborative, focused on greater good.
  • What They Want: Empathetic employer, meaningful work, training, flexibility.

• Gen Z (Born after 1996):

  • Best Work Traits: Digitally fluent, practical, flourish in diverse workforces.
  • What They Want: Culturally competent employer, competitive wages, mentorship, stability.

Device Ownership in the Philippines

• Mobile Phones:

  • Any kind of mobile phone: 99.1%.
  • Smart phone: 99.1%.
  • Feature phone: 11.5%.

• Computers:

  • Laptop or desktop computer: 61.4%.

• Tablets and Entertainment:

  • Tablet device: 32.0%.
  • Game console: 13.2%.

• Wearables and Streaming Devices:

  • Smart watch or smart wristband: 18.0%.
  • TV streaming device: 11.5%.

• Smart Home and Virtual Reality:

  • Smart home device: 8.3%.
  • Virtual reality device: 4.5%.
  • Data from 2023 showing device ownership among internet users aged 16-64 in the Philippines.

What is Computing?

• Computing is defined as any goal-oriented activity that benefits from computers used for designing and building hardware and software systems.
• Computation involves Processing, structuring and managing various kinds of information -Doing scientific research on and with computers -Making computer systems behave intelligently, creating and using communications and entertainment media etc.

Definition of a Computer

• Computer is a programmable machine that manipulates data based off a list of instructions, to aid humans in kinds of computations.
• Principles:
  • It responds to a specific set of instructions in the well- defined manner. -It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions. -It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
• Charles Babbage is the "father of computers".

Characteristics of Computers

• Speed: Perform about 3-4 million simple instructions per second

• Accuracy: In addition to being fast, computers are also accurate and errors are attributed to human error

• Storage: Can store large volumes of data and information is retrieved instantly.

• Diligence: Computers are consistent and don't become tired or bored.

• Versatility: Capable of performing any task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical steps.

• No Feelings: Computer does not have emotions, knowledge, experience, or feelings.

• Human: Interacting with technology is cognitive

• Cognition: refers to the process by which that helps gain of knowledge. Includes all understanding, remembering, reasoning, attending, being aware, acquiring skills, and creating new ideas.

• Human memory: Our daily activities rely on storing all factual knowledge, knowledge of or procedures of are used to store memory and function: sensory memory short term memory or working memory: long term memory.

• Computers are very important in our everyday lives, they help us make our tasks easier it is important how it integrates into our way of living to help us understand applications.