Introduction to Industrial Organizational Psychology
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Questions and Answers

Which organization is considered the forerunner of the CIA?

  • The Personnel Psychology
  • The US Office of Strategic Services (correct)
  • The Defense Industry
  • The Engineering Psychology

What specialty area emerged in I/O psychology after WW II related to design control systems?

  • Engineering Psychology or Human Factor Psychology (correct)
  • Group processes
  • Organizational stress
  • Motivation and goal-setting

Which civil rights legislation addressed discrimination in employment practices for underrepresented groups?

  • Ethnic, sex, age discrimination legislation
  • Age Discrimination Act, 1967 and 1978
  • Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990
  • Title IV of the Civil Rights Legislation, 1964 (correct)

What is the mission of I/O Psychology according to SIOP?

<p>To promote the science, practice, and teaching of I-O psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend refers to the strategy of reducing an organization’s workforce to improve organizational efficiency and/or competitiveness?

<p>Organizational downsizing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the second trend of I/O psychology focus on?

<p>Recruiting and screening potential workers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What group makes up two thirds of all entering workers in the labor market?

<p>Women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the third trend in I/O psychology according to the text?

<p>A shift toward a more global economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a pioneer in the development of Industrial/Organizational Psychology?

<p>Frederick Taylor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Taylor's scientific management movement?

<p>Improving worker productivity and efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study led to the discovery of the Hawthorne effect?

<p>The study of worker productivity based on lighting levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who emphasized the importance of social factors in influencing work performance, leading to the human relations movement?

<p>Elton Mayo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement emphasized the importance of social factors in influencing work performance?

<p>The human relations movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who worked with the U.S. Army to develop intelligence tests for army recruits during World War I?

<p>Robert Yerkes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychology?

<p>The study of behavior in work settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic personnel functions within organizations that I/O psychologists deal with?

<p>Recruitment &amp; selection of employees, training &amp; development, measuring job performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of I/O psychology according to the text?

<p>To increase our knowledge and understanding of human work behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field does I/O psychology consider as multidisciplinary and keeps minds open to developments in?

<p>Other fields such as Cognitive Science, Management, Sociology, Political Science, Economics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model emphasizes the integration of scientific research and practical application in I/O psychology?

<p>Scientist-practitioner model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which level are Industrial/Organizational Psychologists typically qualified?

<p>PhD Level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Industrial/Organizational Psychology started to take hold in the 1920s due to the growth of industrialization in the US, and the first PhD degree in this field was awarded in 1921.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Hawthorne effect refers to changes in behavior occurring as a function of participants’ knowledge that they are being observed and their expectations concerning their role as research participants.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human relations movement emphasizes the importance of physical factors in influencing work performance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During World War I, Robert Yerkes worked with the U.S. Army to develop intelligence tests for army recruits, leading to the first mass testing efforts.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scientific management movement, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, focused on applying scientific principles to improve the efficiency and productivity of jobs, primarily through time-and-motion studies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

I/O psychology began to blossom and specialty areas began to emerge after World War I.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Defense Industry in the 1950s and 1960s led to the development of Human Factor Psychology, also known as Engineering Psychology.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Civil Rights Legislation of 1964 addressed discrimination in employment practices for underrepresented groups.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mission of I/O Psychology, as per SIOP, is to enhance human well-being and performance by promoting the science, practice, and teaching of I-O psychology.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trend of increasing diversity in the workforce is not a significant factor in the modern era of Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

I/O psychology primarily focuses on the study of behavior and mental processes in work settings.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

I/O psychologists are only concerned with the basic personnel functions within organizations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary mission of I/O psychology is to reduce an organization's workforce to improve efficiency and competitiveness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

I/O psychology considers itself a multidisciplinary field and keeps open minds to developments in other fields.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientist-practitioner model in I/O psychology mainly emphasizes practical application over scientific research.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What was the OSS?

Forerunner of the CIA, important in the history of I/O Psychology.

When did I/O Psychology start?

The field began to solidify in the 1920s, with the first Ph.D. awarded in 1921.

Who is Robert Yerkes?

He developed intelligence tests for army recruits during World War I.

What is Human Factors Psychology?

Also known as Engineering Psychology, it emerged due to the Defense Industry.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

Addressed discrimination in employment practices for underrepresented groups.

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Mission of I/O Psychology

Enhance human well-being and performance through science, practice, and teaching.

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Focus of I/O Psychology

The study of behavior and mental processes in work settings.

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Main objective of I/O Psychology

Enhance human well-being and performance in the workplace.

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Basic personnel functions

Recruitment, selection, training, and development of employees.

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What is downsizing?

Reducing an organization's workforce to improve efficiency.

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Workforce Diversity

Increasing representation of various groups in the workforce.

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Technology application in I/O

Using tools like AI to boost productivity and streamline operations.

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Frederick Taylor's focus

Applying scientific principles to improve job efficiency through time-and-motion studies.

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Hawthorne Effect

Changes in behavior due to being observed.

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Elton Mayo's focus

Emphasized social factors' influence on work performance.

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Multidisciplinary nature of I/O

It integrates research and practical application from multiple fields.

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Scientist-practitioner model

Emphasizes the importance of both research and real-world problem-solving.

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Education level of I/O Psychologists

Typically, a doctoral degree.

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Women and minorities in the workforce

They constitute a significant portion of new entrants.

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Design Control Systems (I/O)

A specialty area related to the design of control systems.

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Training

A planned effort to enable employees to learn job-related knowledge, skills, and behavior.

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Development

Helping employees acquire new skills, knowledge, and attitudes to improve their performance.

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Recruitment

The process of attracting qualified candidates to apply for job openings.

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Selection

Choosing the best candidate for a job from a pool of applicants.

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Job Analysis

Analysis of the tasks, responsibilities, and skills needed for a job.

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Performance Criteria

A criterion is a standard used to evaluate performance.

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I/O assessments

Assessment tools and techniques used in I/O to evaluate job candidates or employees.

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Differential Psychology

Focuses on individual differences and how they impact performance.

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Organizational behavior

Employee attitudes, motivation, and job satisfaction.

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What is Psychological contract?

The psychological contract represents the mutual beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations between an employer and an employee.

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Study Notes

Origins of I/O Psychology

  • The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) is considered the forerunner of the CIA.
  • Industrial/Organizational Psychology started to take hold in the 1920s due to the growth of industrialization in the US, and the first PhD degree in this field was awarded in 1921.
  • Robert Yerkes worked with the U.S. Army to develop intelligence tests for army recruits during World War I, leading to the first mass testing efforts.

Subfields of I/O Psychology

  • Human Factor Psychology, also known as Engineering Psychology, emerged in the 1950s and 1960s due to the Defense Industry.
  • A specialty area that emerged in I/O psychology after WW II is related to design control systems.

Civil Rights Legislation

  • The Civil Rights Legislation of 1964 addressed discrimination in employment practices for underrepresented groups.

Mission of I/O Psychology

  • The mission of I/O Psychology, as per SIOP, is to enhance human well-being and performance by promoting the science, practice, and teaching of I-O psychology.
  • The primary focus of Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes in work settings.
  • The main objective of I/O psychology is to enhance human well-being and performance.

Basic Personnel Functions

  • I/O psychologists deal with basic personnel functions within organizations, including recruitment, selection, training, and development.
  • One trend refers to the strategy of reducing an organization's workforce to improve organizational efficiency and/or competitiveness.
  • The second trend of I/O psychology focuses on increasing diversity in the workforce.
  • The third trend in I/O psychology is the application of technology to improve performance.

Key Figures

  • Frederick Taylor pioneered the scientific management movement, which focused on applying scientific principles to improve the efficiency and productivity of jobs, primarily through time-and-motion studies.
  • The Hawthorne effect refers to changes in behavior occurring as a function of participants' knowledge that they are being observed and their expectations concerning their role as research participants, and was discovered through a study.
  • Elton Mayo emphasized the importance of social factors in influencing work performance, leading to the human relations movement.

Characteristics of I/O Psychology

  • I/O psychology considers itself a multidisciplinary field and keeps open minds to developments in other fields.
  • The scientist-practitioner model in I/O psychology emphasizes the integration of scientific research and practical application.
  • Industrial/Organizational Psychologists are typically qualified at a doctoral level.

Workforce Demographics

  • Women and minorities make up two-thirds of all entering workers in the labor market.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the definitions, history, and key concepts of Industrial/Organizational Psychology. This quiz covers the study of behavior in work settings and the role of I/O psychologists in various organizational functions.

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