Introduction to Immunology Workbook

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of IgM antibodies?

Providing passive immunity to newborns

Regulating immune cell activity

Defending against chronic infections

Initiating the earliest antibody response in a primary immune response (correct)

Which immunoglobulin is known for being primarily involved in allergic reactions?

IgG

IgA

IgD

IgE (correct)

How does IgG provide protection to newborns?

Through maternal transfer across the placenta (correct)

By activating the complement system

By rapidly neutralizing toxins in the infant's bloodstream

By being produced in large amounts by newborns

What is the primary location of IgD antibodies?

On the membranes of B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What process do phagocytes use to eliminate pathogens?

Engulfing and digesting the pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of IgG antibodies?

It is the most abundant immunoglobulin in blood and tissue fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin cannot activate the complement system?

IgD Signup and view all the answers

What defines the primary immune response in relation to the immunoglobulin types?

IgM is often the earliest antibody produced during the response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the first session on immunology?

To work through tasks in a self-directed manner Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is encouraged for notetaking in immunology?

Spider diagrams or memory maps Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT associated with the adaptive immune system?

Natural killer cells Signup and view all the answers

What must students complete to prepare for the next immunology session?

Complete and have their notes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes 'non-specific immunity'?

Acts immediately on a wide range of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which is a correct definition of immunology?

The study of immune systems and their function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the immune system?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected learning outcome from the introductory session on immunology?

Recognizing terminology and components of the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)?

Protect the body from infectious organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells differentiates into macrophages after exiting the bloodstream?

Monocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of macrophages in the immune system?

Perform phagocytosis of foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are considered granulocytes?

Basophils and eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response do neutrophils primarily contribute to?

Innate immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine function is associated with macrophages?

Recruit other phagocytic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is classified as mononuclear leukocytes?

Monocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main target of neutrophils during immune response?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What role do antigen-presenting cells play in the immune system?

They act as messengers to activate immature T cells. Signup and view all the answers

Where are antigen-presenting cells primarily found in the body?

In lymph nodes and the spleen Signup and view all the answers

How do antigen-presenting cells influence B cell activation?

By stimulating their growth and differentiation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a microbe?

Microscopic organisms found in various environments, some of which are vital for health. Signup and view all the answers

What is one key function of antigen-presenting cells regarding T cells?

They switch on cell surface receptors to activate T cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an antigen in the immune response?

It specifically reacts with antibodies and immune cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the adaptive immune response initiated by antigen-presenting cells?

To provide a long-term memory for future infections. Signup and view all the answers

Cytokines are primarily known for which of the following functions?

Mediating and modulating immune responses. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is found in the mucosal linings and provides protection in body secretions?

IgA (immunoglobulin A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cytokines is incorrect?

All cytokines suppress immune responses. Signup and view all the answers

What specific role do antibodies have in the immune system?

They can kill or weaken infection-causing organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of cytokine?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'commensal' in relation to microbes?

Microbes that provide benefits to their host without harming them. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Immunology and Immunopathology

This workbook can be used in conjunction with self-directed sessions on Immunology
The premise of the first session (Introduction to Immunology) is for students to complete tasks in a self-directed way
Students should work through each PowerPoint slide and follow the instructions
Links to documents and research articles are provided to gain knowledge and complete tasks
Students are encouraged to use notetaking methods including spider diagrams, pictures, and tables to help build Immunology notes
Students should complete the workbook to meet intended learning outcomes

Components of the Immune System

The immune system is made up of various organs and tissues

Immunology Terminology

Microbe: Microscopic organisms that reside in water, soil, and air... Some microbes are pathogenic while many are important for health
Antigen: Any substance that is able to cause an immune response in the body. Antigens react specifically with the resultant antibodies and/or cells generated
Cytokine: A type of protein that impacts the immune system by either ramping it up or slowing it down. These can be produced naturally or in a laboratory
Antibody: Special proteins created by white blood cells (activated B cells) that can kill or weaken infection-causing organisms. Also referred to as immunoglobulin (Ig)
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs): A type of white blood cell (WBC)

Cells of the Immune system

Macrophage:
- Is a mononuclear leukocyte
- Is derived from monocytes that turn into macrophages when they exit the bloodstream
- Are phagocytes
- Function in the innate immune system by participating in:
  - Phagocytosis
  - Antigen presentation
  - Recruitment of other phagocytes
  - Destruction of old, damaged, and dead cells
Neutrophils:
- Are granulocytes
- Are the most common WBC
- Are derived from myeloblast.
- Function in both the innate and adaptive immune systems by participating in:
  - Phagocytosis
  - Antigen presentation
  - Cell signaling
  - Production of cytokines
  - Activation of immature T cells
  - Stimulation of B-cell growth and differentiation

Immunoglobulin Structure and Function

IgD: Found in blood in low levels. Cannot activate complement system
IgE: Found in serum in small amounts. Most is attached to mast cells and basophils (granulocytes). High levels are found in people with allergies
IgG: Most common antibody in blood/tissue fluid (75% of total serum immunoglobulin level).
- Defends against diffusing toxins and spreading microbes.
- Is mainly involved in secondary immune responses.
- Is an effective opsonin.
- Maternal IgG is transferred across the placenta, giving passive protection to newborns
IgM: Largest of the immunoglobulin molecules.
- Usually the earliest antibody response in a primary immune response
- Is short-lived

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Description

This workbook is designed to guide students through a self-directed study of immunology, focusing on the components of the immune system and essential terminology. Students will engage with PowerPoint slides, utilize provided documents, and enhance their notes using various methods. Completing this workbook will help meet the learning outcomes in immunology.