Introduction to Immunology

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What is the study of the structure and function of the immune system called?

Oncology

Pathology

Hematology

Immunology (correct)

Which of the following best describes immunity?

The production of white blood cells

Resistance of a host to pathogens and their toxic effects (correct)

The study of infectious diseases

The process of cell division

Why can viruses not be 'killed' with antibiotics?

Viruses are non-living particles that hijack host cells for reproduction (correct)

Viruses are resistant to all types of medications

Antibiotics specifically target bacteria, not viruses

Viruses have a cell wall that antibiotics cannot penetrate

What is the primary function of antibiotics in fighting infections?

Target key processes in bacteria to kill them (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the immune response?

It is a coordinated response mediated by cells and molecules of the immune system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune system in homeostasis?

Destruction of abnormal or dead cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity relies on genetic events and cellular growth?

Adaptive immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response involves T-lymphocytes eliminating intracellular microbes?

Cell-mediated immune response (A) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of immunity exhibits anamnestic memory upon repeated exposure?

Adaptive immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox?

Edward Jenner (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which century was the use of dried crusts of smallpox as a preventive measure noted by Chinese and Turks?

15th century (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Edward Jenner intentionally infect the boy with after the cowpox inoculation?

Smallpox (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity relies on mechanisms that adapt after infection?

Acquired (adaptive) immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are part of the Innate Immune Response?

Natural killer cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Innate immunity?

Has no memory (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which is a component of Humoral mechanisms in the immune system?

Complement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What cells are involved in the innate immune response as part of the First line of defense?

Eosinophils (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity relies on already formed components and has no memory?

Innate immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mucus in the respiratory tract?

Contains enzymes that destroy bacterial cell walls (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do sweat and oils contribute to the body's defense mechanism?

Contain anti-microbial chemicals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phagocytes in the immune system?

Seek and destroy invaders (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does inflammation contribute to the body's defense against pathogens?

Collects fluids to dilute toxins and kill microbes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

Move mucus out of the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does fever aid in the body's defense mechanism?

Destroys various types of microbes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did Karl Landsteiner discover in 1901 that made blood transfusions safer?

Mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the discovery made by Von Behring and Kitasato in 1890?

They found that serum from immunized animals could confer immunity to unimmunized animals (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the integrated body system involved in maintaining health through the immune system?

Antibiotics and antiviral medications (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Ellie Metchnikoff contribute to the understanding of the immune system?

He demonstrated the role of phagocytes in immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to modern theory, what happens when the immune system is malfunctioning?

Disharmony occurs, leading to illness (C) Signup and view all the answers

What significant observation was made about blood transfusions before Karl Landsteiner's discovery?

Experiments with blood transfusions were carried out for hundreds of years without success (A) Signup and view all the answers