Introduction to Hydrometeorology
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Introduction to Hydrometeorology

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Questions and Answers

Which region has the highest groundwater potential in the Philippines?

  • Northern Mindanao (correct)
  • Eastern Visayas
  • Cagayan Valley
  • Southeastern Mindanao

    • What is the total water resource potential for Southern Mindanao?

  • 13,675 MCM
  • 1,758 MCM
  • 18,700 MCM
  • 20,458 MCM (correct)

    • Which region has the lowest total water resources potential?

  • Western Mindanao
  • Bicol
  • Central Visayas (correct)
  • Ilocos

    • What is the combined groundwater potential for the Western Visayas and Ilocos?

    <p>2,273 MCM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much surface water potential does Central Luzon have?

    <p>7,890 MCM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What branch of science deals with the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of water on Earth and its atmosphere?

    <p>Hydrology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a domain of hydrology?

    <p>Sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of hydrogeology?

    <p>Study of the presence and movement of water in aquifers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Engineering hydrology primarily applies hydrologic principles to solve problems related to which of the following?

    <p>Water resources management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of hydrology examines the interactions between living organisms and the hydrologic cycle?

    <p>Ecohydrology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized in the study of hydrometeorology?

    <p>The transfer of water and energy between land-water surfaces and the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using mathematical principles in engineering hydrology?

    <p>To establish the size of hydraulic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of hydrologic processes on Earth's surface is known as what?

    <p>Surface hydrology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of advection in the water cycle?

    <p>Moving water vapor to allow precipitation to occur over land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the catchment area of a stream or water course generally defined?

    <p>The total area that contributes water to a specific segment of the stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the water budget equation, what does the term 'P' represent?

    <p>Precipitation falling in the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the water budget equation estimate in a catchment area?

    <p>The relationship between water inflow and outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the given water budget, which term represents 'surface runoff'?

    <p>SR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the storage change in a water budget?

    <p>Ocean water levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'L' in the rainfall-runoff relationship?

    <p>Losses due to infiltration and evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between evaporation and transpiration in the water cycle?

    <p>Transpiration is a subset of evaporation primarily from plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct expression for the water budget equation for the lake?

    <p>(IΔt + PA) - (QΔt + EA) = ΔS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much water in cubic meters flowed into the lake from inflow during the month?

    <p>15.552 M m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total outflow volume from the lake due to evaporation and outflow during the month?

    <p>19.898 M m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated change in storage (ΔS) in cubic meters after one month?

    <p>2.904 M m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average rate of evaporation from the lake surface expressed in cubic meters?

    <p>3.05 M m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of precipitation on the lake's water storage?

    <p>It increases the storage volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT considered in the lake's water budget equation?

    <p>Groundwater contribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the average surface area of the lake is 5000 ha, how is this value utilized in the calculations?

    <p>It is used to calculate outflow due to evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to measure the depth of precipitation?

    <p>mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hydrology, which factor is NOT considered during a hydrological study for water resource engineering projects?

    <p>Temperature fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of hydrological investigation in engineering?

    <p>To evaluate potential hydrological risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What failure can occur due to an inadequate spillway capacity in an earthen dam?

    <p>Overtopping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a hydrological study, which of the following is essential to understanding seasonal water availability?

    <p>Minimum flow estimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most likely to occur when there is an overestimation of stream flow for a reservoir?

    <p>Inability to fill the reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common failure might occur due to excess flood flow impacting hydraulic structures?

    <p>Bridge and culvert failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application of hydrology is not directly related to water resources engineering projects?

    <p>Construction materials testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Hydrometeorology

    • Hydrology is the scientific study of water on Earth and in the atmosphere.
    • Engineering hydrology uses hydrologic principles to solve engineering problems related to water resources.
    • Understanding the spatial and temporal variability of water is crucial for engineering hydrology.

    Domains of Hydrology

    • Hydrometeorology focuses on the transfer of water and energy between land, water surfaces, and the lower atmosphere.
    • Hydrogeology studies the presence and movement of water in aquifers.
    • Ecohydrology investigates interactions between organisms and the hydrologic cycle.
    • Chemical hydrology analyzes the chemical characteristics of water.
    • Surface hydrology examines hydrologic processes occurring on Earth's surface.

    The Hydrologic Cycle

    • The hydrologic cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
    • It involves processes like precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, runoff, and groundwater flow.

    Water Balance Equation

    • The water balance equation expresses the conservation of mass for water within a defined area.
    • The equation states that inflow minus outflow equals the change in storage.
    • For a catchment, the water balance equation can be expressed as: Precipitation – Surface Runoff – Groundwater Flow – Evaporation – Transpiration = Change in Storage.

    Catchment Area

    • A catchment area is the region of land that drains into a specific stream or watercourse.
    • It is also known as a drainage area or drainage basin.
    • The extent of a catchment can be determined by tracing the ridge lines on a topographic map.

    Applications of Hydrology in Engineering

    • Hydrology plays a vital role in the design and operation of water resources engineering projects.
    • Key applications include irrigation, water supply, flood control, water power, and navigation.
    • Hydrological studies are necessary to evaluate the capacity of storage structures, flood flow magnitudes, minimum flows, and interactions between flood waves and hydraulic structures.

    Importance of Hydrological Studies

    • Proper hydrological studies are crucial for the success of water resources engineering projects.
    • Failure to adequately assess hydrological factors can lead to engineering failures such as dam overtopping, bridge collapse, and reservoir underfilling.

    Philippine Water Resources

    • The Philippines has significant water resources, including both groundwater and surface water.
    • The total estimated water resources potential is 145,990 MCM (Million Cubic Meters).
    • Regionally, Northern Mindanao has the highest water resources potential, followed by Southern Mindanao and Western Visayas.

    Units of Hydrologic Variables

    • Hydrological variables like precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, and runoff can be expressed in various units.
    • Typical units include millimeters (mm) for depth, millimeters per hour (mm/hr) for intensity, hours (hr) for duration, cubic meters per second (m3/s) for discharge rate, cubic meters (m3) for volume, and millimeters (mm) for equivalent height.

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    Related Documents

    Module 1 In Hydrometeorology PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of hydrometeorology, including the hydrologic cycle, domains of hydrology, and the principles of engineering hydrology. Understand how water moves across the Earth and the various branches of hydrology that study this vital resource. Test your knowledge of the interactions between water, land, and the atmosphere.

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