Introduction to Human Body Terminology

Questions and Answers

_______ is the study of the structure of the body; the stomach is divided into the fundus, body, and pylorus.

Anatomy

_______ Physiology describes the functioning of the body; the stomach delivers partially digested food to the small intestine.

Physiology

_______ studies the improper functioning of the body as in disease; the stomach may ulcerate, causing severe pain.

Pathophysiology

Can you give three examples of why the human figures are not in the anatomical position?

The head is turned to the side, the left leg is not pointing forward, the left arm is flexed with the hand on the hip. Signup and view all the answers

How does the equipment (heater and air conditioner) work homeostatically to maintain temperature at 72° F?

The heater stops heating and the AC cools when the temperature increases; the heater warms the room while the AC stops cooling when the temperature drops. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the terms distal/proximal and superior/inferior with examples.

The wrist is distal to the elbow and proximal to the knuckles; the umbilicus is superior to the urinary bladder and inferior to the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Which plane yields the chest, brain, one leg, and one arm?

Sagittal plane. Signup and view all the answers

Which plane yields one face, two anterior thighs, and one belly button?

Frontal (coronal) plane. Signup and view all the answers

What view of the body would you see with a transverse cut?

You would see the top and bottom halves of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What does the crown illustrate in Figure 1-5, B?

The crown indicates where the frontal plane divides the body (front and back). Signup and view all the answers

______ refers to organs.

Viscera Signup and view all the answers

What happened when you report that your postsurgical patient has eviscerated?

The viscera (organs) have protruded through the surgical incision out of the cavity that normally contains them. Signup and view all the answers

______ are internal spaces.

Cavities Signup and view all the answers

List the cavities that are located in the ventral cavity.

Thoracic, abdominopelvic, pleural cavities, and mediastinum. Signup and view all the answers

List the two divisions (or cavities) located in the dorsal cavity.

The cranial and spinal (vertebral) cavities. Signup and view all the answers

What cavity is divided into quadrants and regions?

The abdominopelvic cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What large organ occupies most of the RUQ?

Liver. Signup and view all the answers

In what quadrant is the right iliac region? The left hypochondriac region? The left iliac region?

The right iliac region is located in the RLQ; the left hypochondriac region is located in the LUQ; the left iliac region is located in the LLQ. Signup and view all the answers

_______ is the area of the arm anterior to the elbow.

Antecubital space Signup and view all the answers

A sample of blood is commonly drawn from a vein in the _______.

antecubital space Signup and view all the answers

_______ is the study of life & living organisms.

Biology Signup and view all the answers

_______ is the process of identifying the nature & cause of a disease or injury through an analysis of data.

Diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

A _______ examines tissue for evidence of disease.

Pathologist Signup and view all the answers

________ refers to the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body despite many challenges.

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

A _____ plane cuts across the body; an upper & lower body is created.

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

Related to the middle of the epigastric region of the abdomen, a person may complain of discomfort due to __________.

Midepigastric Signup and view all the answers

Refers to a likely course of outcome of a disease.

Prognosis Signup and view all the answers

The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into four equal areas called _______.

Quadrants Signup and view all the answers

When discussing the structure of the cell, the instructor is referring to the:

Anatomy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is inferior to the lumbar region?

Gluteal Signup and view all the answers

When dividing the body into quadrants, which of the following abbreviations would not be used?

RIQ Signup and view all the answers

The transverse plane ______.

Divides the body horizontally. Signup and view all the answers

_______ can be referred to as the armpit.

Axillary Signup and view all the answers

_______ refers to the kneecap area.

Patellar Signup and view all the answers

_______ refers to the breastbone area.

Sternal Signup and view all the answers

_______ is the front part of the elbow area.

Antecubital Signup and view all the answers

The lumbar region refers to the lower back area extending from the chest to the hips.

Lumbar Signup and view all the answers

_______ pertains to the cheek.

Buccal Signup and view all the answers

_______ refers to the groin region.

Inguinal Signup and view all the answers

_______ refers to the shoulder blade area.

Scapular Signup and view all the answers

_______ is the fleshy part of the side between the ribs & the hip.

Flank Signup and view all the answers

_______ pertains to the mouth.

Oral Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system contains glands that secrete hormones?

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

The major organ system that protects the body from allergens such as pollen and bee venom is the:

Immune system Signup and view all the answers

Cavity that contains the thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity:

Ventral Signup and view all the answers

Space within the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, great vessels, and trachea:

Mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Part of the ventral cavity that contains the lungs:

Pleural Signup and view all the answers

Part of the ventral cavity that is inferior to the diaphragm:

Abdominopelvic Signup and view all the answers

Cavity that contains the cranial & spinal cavities:

Dorsal Signup and view all the answers

Cavity that contains the brain but not the spinal cord:

Cranial Signup and view all the answers

Cavity that contains the spinal cord but not the brain:

Vertebral Signup and view all the answers

The lungs are located in the:

Ventral cavity Signup and view all the answers

The simplest level of human body organization is a(an):

Cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true of the dorsal cavity?

It contains the mediastinum. Signup and view all the answers

When a doctor explains the consequences of a pancreas that does not function properly and the effect of diabetes on the body to a patient, he or she is discussing the:

Pathophysiology Signup and view all the answers

The surface of the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into four quadrants or __ separate regions.

Nine Signup and view all the answers

A 26-year-old man is scheduled for an appendectomy. Which of the following areas is involved surgically?

Right iliac region Signup and view all the answers

The sagittal plane:

Divides the body into right and left halves. Signup and view all the answers

The RUQ:

Refers to a surface division of the abdomen. Signup and view all the answers

The ability of the body to maintain a stable environment in response to a changing environment is referred to as:

Homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

A patient was admitted to the emergency department. The physician recorded the patient's pain as originating in the lower lumbar region, radiating down to the right gluteal and femoral regions. Which of the following is a restatement of this description?

The pain begins in the lower back and radiates downward to the right buttock and thigh regions. Signup and view all the answers

The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity. The best term to refer to the relationship of the lungs to the diaphragm is:

Superior. Signup and view all the answers

Opposite of medial; this term means 'away from the midline of the body.'

Lateral Signup and view all the answers

Used to describe farther away from the point of attachment.

Distal Signup and view all the answers

The part of the arm bone (radius) that is closer to the elbow than to the wrist is called:

Proximal Signup and view all the answers

Describes the position of the stomach to the diaphragm.

Inferior Signup and view all the answers

'Toward the front' (the belly surface); another word is:

Ventral Signup and view all the answers

Describes a part that is located on or near the surface of the body.

Superficial Signup and view all the answers

List the body's level of organization from simplest to most complex.

Atoms - molecules - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - human organism. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 12 major organ systems?

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, heart & circulatory, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, & reproductive systems. Signup and view all the answers

______ refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to various internal & external challenges.

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

The anatomical position is the body standing erect, arms by the side, with palms & toes facing forward.

Anatomical position Signup and view all the answers

What are the relative positions?

Superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, proximal-distal, superficial-deep, & central-peripheral. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three planes?

Sagittal, frontal (coronal), & transverse. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Human Body Terminology

Anatomy: Study of body structure, e.g., stomach sections like fundus, body, pylorus.
Physiology: Functioning of body systems; e.g., the stomach's role in digestion.
Pathophysiology: Examines body functions in disease states; can include conditions like ulcers.

Anatomical Position and Relation Terms

Anatomical Position: Body stands erect, face forward, arms at the sides, palms and toes directed forward.
Relative Terms: Distal (farther) and proximal (closer) describe positioning; e.g., the wrist is distal to the elbow.
Superior / Inferior: Terms used to describe locations; e.g., the umbilicus is superior to the urinary bladder.

Body Planes

Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into right and left halves.
Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Creates front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections; relevant to the chest and limbs.
Transverse Plane: Cuts horizontally into upper and lower parts of the body.

Body Cavities

Ventral Cavity: Contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Dorsal Cavity: Includes cranial and spinal cavities.
Abdominopelvic Cavity: Further divided into quadrants and regions for anatomical reference.

Key Body Regions and Structures

RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant): Contains the liver.
Quadrants: Abdominopelvic cavity divided into four quadrants: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ.
Viscera: General term for internal organs.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis: The ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes; examples include body temperature and blood glucose levels.
Homeostatic Mechanism: Systems that detect and respond to changes; e.g., heaters and air conditioners maintain temperature.

Organ Systems

Twelve Major Organ Systems:
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Circulatory
- Lymphatic
- Immune
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive

Levels of Organization

Levels from simplest to complex: Atoms → Molecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism.

Specialized Terms

Antecubital: Area of the arm in front of the elbow; common site for blood draws.
Midepigastric: Refers to the center of the upper abdomen, often cited in pain assessments.
Lateral: Away from the midline of the body; opposite of medial.
Superficial vs. Deep: Refers to position relative to the surface of the body.

Anatomical References and Abbreviations

Cranial Cavity: Contains the brain only.
Vertebral Cavity: Contains the spinal cord only.
Abdominopelvic Regions: Can be divided into nine regions for detailed study and diagnosis.

Important Concepts

Diagnosis: Process of identifying a disease from symptoms and lab analysis.
Prognosis: The likely course and outcome of a health condition.
Biology: Study of life and living organisms, fundamental to understanding anatomy and physiology.

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Description

This quiz explores essential terminology related to human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Discover how the body's structure is described and understand terms used for anatomical positions and body planes. Test your knowledge on the relationships between different body parts.