Introduction to HTML5

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of HTML5 in web development?

  • To manage server-side operations and databases.
  • To specify the structure and content of documents displayed in web browsers. (correct)
  • To handle client-side scripting and interactivity.
  • To define the styling and layout of web content.

How do web servers interact with HTML5 documents?

  • They validate the syntax of HTML5 documents and correct any errors.
  • They store HTML5 documents and provide them to clients upon request. (correct)
  • They encrypt HTML5 documents to protect them from unauthorized access.
  • They translate HTML5 code into machine language.

Why is the document type declaration (DOCTYPE) important in HTML5?

  • It ensures that browsers render the page in standards mode. (correct)
  • It defines the character set used in the document.
  • It includes metadata about the document, such as author and keywords.
  • It specifies the version of HTML used in the document.

When are comments useful in HTML5 markup?

<p>To improve readability and describe the content of a document. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information does the <head> section of an HTML5 document contain?

<p>Information about the HTML5 document, such as character set and title. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of start and end tags in HTML5?

<p>To define the structure and boundaries of most elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'nested element' in the context of HTML5?

<p>An element that is enclosed within the start and end tags of another element. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the title element in HTML5?

<p>To describe the web page, appearing in the browser tab and search engine results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the W3C HTML5 Validation Service?

<p>To ensure that an HTML5 document is syntactically correct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HTML5 use heading elements (<h1> through <h6>) to structure content?

<p>To specify the relative importance of information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the href attribute in the context of HTML5 links?

<p>To specify a resource's location, such as a web page or a file. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a URL does not indicate a specific document on a website?

<p>The web server returns a default web page, often called <code>index.html</code>. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you create a hyperlink to an email address in HTML5?

<p>By using the <code>mailto:</code> URL scheme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the alt attribute in the <img> element?

<p>To provide alternative text that is displayed if the image cannot be rendered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'void elements' in HTML5?

<p>Elements that contain only attributes and do not mark up text. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can images be used as hyperlinks in HTML5?

<p>By embedding the <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tag within the <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> (anchor) tag. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of character entity references in HTML5?

<p>To represent special characters that cannot be rendered otherwise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which HTML element is used to create an unordered list?

<p><code>&lt;ul&gt;</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the summary attribute in the <table> element?

<p>To summarize the table's contents, especially for speech devices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three distinct sections into which a table can be split in HTML5?

<p><code>&lt;thead&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;tbody&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;tfoot&gt;</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the <tr> element in the context of HTML5 tables?

<p>To define individual table rows. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the rowspan and colspan attributes allow you to do when building HTML tables?

<p>Merge data cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In HTML5 forms, what is specified by the method attribute?

<p>How the form's data is sent to the web server. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the form method is set to "post", how is the form data handled?

<p>The form data is appended to the browser request containing the protocol and URL. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the action attribute in an HTML5 form?

<p>To specify the script to which the form data will be sent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between visual and nonvisual components in HTML5 forms?

<p>Visual components are elements that users interact with, while nonvisual components store data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the value attribute in a 'submit' input element?

<p>It sets the text displayed on the button. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of a 'reset' input element in HTML5 forms?

<p>It allows the user to reset all form elements to their default values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attributes are used to specify the size of a <textarea> element?

<p><code>rows</code> and <code>cols</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the password input type?

<p>To allow users to enter sensitive information by masking the input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In context of HTML5 forms, what is a key behavior of radio buttons?

<p>Only one radio button in a group can be selected at any time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the select element in HTML5 forms?

<p>To provide a drop-down list of items. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you link to a specific section within the same HTML5 document?

<p>By specifying the element's <code>id</code> in the link's <code>href</code> using the syntax <code>#id</code>. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meta elements in HTML5?

<p>To provide information to search engines for cataloging purposes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where meta elements should be located?

<p>Inside the <code>head</code> section. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is HTML5?

A markup language that specifies the structure and content of documents displayed in web browsers.

What do web servers do?

Store HTML5 documents.

What do clients do?

Request resources such as HTML5 documents from web servers.

What is the document type declaration (DOCTYPE)?

Required in HTML5 documents, it ensures browsers render the page in standards mode.

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What is the role of comments?

Improve readability and describe the content of a document.

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What is the role of start and end tags?

Most elements are delimited with a start and end tag.

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What is the role of attributes?

Provides additional information about an element, which browsers use to determine how to process the element.

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What does the html element do?

Encloses the head and body sections of an HTML document.

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What does the head section contain?

Contains information about the HTML5 document, such as the character set and title.

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What does the body section contain?

Contains the page's content, which the browser displays when the user visits the web page.

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What is the title element?

A nested element enclosed in the head element's start and end tags that describes the web page, often appearing in the title bar or browser tab.

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What is the paragraph element?

All text placed between the

and

tags forms one paragraph.

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What is the purpose of validation services?

Ensure that an HTML5 document is syntactically correct, guaranteeing proper rendering by browsers.

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What are headings?

HTML5 provides six of these elements (h1 through h6) for specifying the relative importance of information.

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What is a hyperlink?

References or links to other resources, such as HTML5 documents and images.

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What is the href attribute?

Specifies a resource's location, such as a web page or file.

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What does mailto: do?

Anchor can link to an e-mail address using a mailto: URL.

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What is the src attribute?

Specifies an image's location.

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What is the alt attribute?

Contains text that is displayed if the client cannot render the image.

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What are void elements?

HTML5 elements that contain only attributes and do not mark up text, such as the img element.

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Character entity references

HTML5 provides these to represents special characters that cannot be rendered otherwise.

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Unordered list element

Element creates a list in which each item in the list begins with a bullet symbol.

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Ordered-list element

Element that creates a list in which each item begins with a number.

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Element th

Defines a header cell in a table.

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Td Element

Contains table data elements.

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forms

HTML5 provides these to collect information from users, sending data to the web server for processing.

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Attribute method

Specifies how the form's data is sent to the web server using either "post" or "get" methods.

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Action attribute

Specifies the script to which the form data will be sent for processing.

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hidden inputs

Store data that you specify, such as e-mail addresses and HTML5 document file names that act as links.

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text input

Inserts a text field into the form, allowing the user to input data.

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reset input

Allows a user to reset all form elements to their default values.

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textarea

Inserts a multiline text area into the form for larger text input.

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checkbox input

Element. When The checkbox is selected, a check mark appears in the checkbox otherwise the checkbox is empty.

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radio buttons

Button that is similar to checkboxes, however only one radio button in a group can be selected at any time.

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select input

Provides a drop-down list of items for selection.

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password input

inserts a password box into a form, masking sensitive information with asterisks.

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Internal Linking

The a tag can be used to link to another section of the same document by specifying the element's id as the link's href.

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meta elements

The name attribute identifies the type of meta element, which is read by search engines to catalog pages.

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Study Notes

Introduction to HTML5

  • HTML5 is a markup language specifying document structure and content for web browsers.
  • More sophisticated HTML5 techniques include tables, forms, linking and meta elements.
  • Tables are useful for structuring information from databases.
  • Forms help collect information from web-page visitors.
  • Internal linking helps with easier page navigation.
  • Meta elements specify document information.

Editing HTML5

  • Typing HTML5 markup text in a text editor creates HTML5 documents and should be saved with a .html or .htm filename extension.
  • Web servers store HTML5 documents.
  • Clients, such as web browsers on computers or smartphones, request specific resources like HTML5 documents from web servers.

Document Type Declaration

  • The document type declaration (DOCTYPE) is required in HTML5 documents for browsers to render the page in standards mode.
  • Some browsers use "quirks mode" for backwards compatibility with older web pages.

Comments

  • HTML5 markup includes comments to improve readability and describe the document.
  • Browsers ignore comments when rendering a document.
  • Comments start with <!-- and end with -->.

HTML, Head and Body Elements

  • <html> encloses the head and body sections.
  • <head> contains document information: character set (UTF-8 is popular), title, and instructions, like CSS3 style sheets and client-side scripts for dynamic web pages.
  • <body> contains the page's content that the browser displays.

Start Tags and End Tags

  • HTML5 documents primarily delimit elements via start and end tags.
  • A start tag is an element name within angle brackets, such as <html>.
  • An end tag has a forward slash before the element name within angle brackets, such as </html>.
  • Void elements don't have end tags.
  • Start tags can have attributes with additional element information used by browsers for processing and have a name and value that are separated by the equals sign =.

Title Element

  • The <title> element is a nested element within the <head>, describing the web page.
  • The title appears in the browser's title bar, tab and is used for bookmarks.
  • Search engines index the title for search results.

Paragraph Element

  • Text placed between <p> and </p> tags creates a single paragraph.

HTML5 Validation Service

  • Syntactically correct HTML5 documents render properly.
  • HTML5 documents can have syntax errors that will not display properly.
  • Validation services that include validator.w3.org/#validate-by-upload ensure HTML5 document syntax correctness.

HTML5 Headings

  • HTML5 has six heading elements, <h1> through <h6>, that specify the relative importance of information.
  • <h1> is the most significant heading, rendered in the largest font.
  • Headings <h2>, <h3>, etc., are successively smaller.

Linking

  • Hyperlinks reference other resources such as HTML5 documents and images.
  • Web browsers underline text hyperlinks and color them blue by default.

Strong Element

  • The strong element indicates high importance, and browsers typically render it in a bold font.

Anchor Element

  • Links are created using the a or anchor element.

Hypertext Reference Attribute

  • The href or hypertext reference attribute specifies the location of the resource, such as a web page, file, or e-mail address.
  • If the URL does not indicate a document, the web server returns a default web page: often called index.html, but can be configured to use any file.
  • If the web server can't locate a requested document, it returns an error, known as a 404 error.

Hyperlinking to an E-Mail Address

  • Anchors can link to an email address using a mailto: URL.
  • A user that clicks an anchored link is able to launch the default email program e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird, Microsoft Outlook or Apple Mail.
  • This enables a user to write an email message to the linked address.

Images

  • PNG and JPEG are the most popular formats for web developers.
  • Users create images with software such as Adobe Photoshop Express.
  • The src attribute specifies an image's location.

Alt Attribute

  • Every img element must have an alt attribute.
  • The alt attribute contains text displayed if the image fails to render.
  • Width and height are optional attributes that if omitted, use the image’s actual data and are measured in pixels.
  • Using images as hyperlinks creates graphical web pages that link to other resources.
  • Clicking an image sends the user to the linked web page.

Character Entity References

  • HTML5 provides character entity references in the form &code; for special characters that cannot otherwise be rendered.
  • An example of codes include word abbreviations, numbers, decimal and hexidecimal.

Unordered List Element

  • An unordered list element displays items with a bullet symbol, typically a disc.

Nested Lists

  • Lists can be nested to represent hierarchical relationships like a multi-level outline.
  • The ordered-list element creates a list with numbered items.

Tables

  • Tables organize data into rows and columns.
  • The <table> element defines an HTML5 table.
  • The summary attribute describes the contents, aiding users with visual impairments via speech devices.
  • The <caption> element specifies the table's title.
  • It is good practice to include in an HTML5 table elements that make web pages more accessible to users and disabled.

Table Sections

  • Tables are split into three sections: head, body, foot.
  • Head is indicated via thead elements, table titles and column headers.
  • Body is indicated via tbody elements and primary table data.
  • Foot is indicated by tfoot elements, calculation results, footnotes but displays the at the bottom of the table.

Table Row and Data

  • The tr element defines individual table rows.
  • The th element defines a header cell.
  • The Td element contains table data elements.

Rowspan and Colspan

  • Rowspan and Colspan allows construction of more complex tables.
  • The values ​​of these attributes specify the number of rows or columns occupied by a cell in a table.
  • These can be placed inside any data cell or table header cell.
  • The br element renders as a line break.
  • Legacy formatting elements, such as hr and br, should be avoided in favor of CSS.

HTML5 Forms

  • HTML5 provides forms to collect information from users.
  • A form can send data to a web server for processing.

Method Attribute

  • The method attribute specifies how form data is sent.
  • Method "post" appends form data to the browser request, containing the protocol (HTTP) and the resource's URL.
  • Method "get" appends form data directly to the script's URL and is visible to users.

Action Attribute

  • The action attribute specifies the script to which form data is sent.
  • Input elements describe the data sent to the script, known as the form handler.
  • The "type" attribute determines an input element's type.
  • Forms can contain visual such as buttons that are clickable by users or non-visual components.
  • Nonvisual or hidden inputs store any data such as email addresses and HTML5 names that act as links.

Password Input

  • password input inserts a password box into a form so users can enter sensitive information such as credit card numbers and passwords by masking the input with asterisks.
  • Actual value input is sent not the asterisks.

Select and Checkbox Inputs

  • The checkbox input element enables users to select options.
  • If selected, a check mark is in the checkbox; otherwise, empty.
  • Checkboxes can be used individually or in groups and share the same name.
  • Radio buttons are similar to checkboxes but only one radio button in a group can be selected at a time.
  • Radio buttons must also share the same name with different attribute values.
  • The select input element display a drop-down list of items and name attribute identifies the list.
  • The option element adds items to the drop-down list.

Internal Linking

  • The a tag is used to link to another section within the same document.
  • To link internally to an element that is on the same page, the ids are set and linked using the syntax #id.

Meta Elements

  • Search engines catalog pages by reviewing the content found in Meta elements.
  • The name attribute identifies the meta element type.
  • The content attribute provides a list of keywords that describes a page and provides search engines to compare against words in search requests.
  • Description meta provides a three to four line description of a site in sentence form and is used by search engines to catalog your site.

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