Introduction to HTML

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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes the primary function of a web browser in the context of HTML?

  • To encrypt HTML documents for secure transmission over the internet.
  • To write and edit HTML documents using a text editor.
  • To compile HTML code into executable programs.
  • To read HTML documents and display them correctly to the user. (correct)

How does a web browser utilize HTML tags when displaying a webpage?

  • It ignores the HTML tags and only displays the content.
  • It uses the HTML tags to determine how to format and display the content, but does not show the tags themselves. (correct)
  • It translates HTML tags into a different programming language for display.
  • It displays the HTML tags alongside the content, allowing users to see the underlying structure.

What is the role of the <html> element in an HTML document?

  • It defines the main content of the HTML document.
  • It contains metadata about the HTML document, such as character set and viewport settings.
  • It serves as the root element that contains all other elements in the document. (correct)
  • It specifies the title of the HTML document.

What is the primary purpose of the <title> element in an HTML document?

<p>To display a title in the browser's title bar or tab. (C)</p>
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What is the correct syntax to display the copyright symbol in HTML?

<p>© (C)</p>
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the <DOCTYPE html> declaration?

<p>It informs the browser about the HTML version being used to render the page. (C)</p>
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In HTML, what constitutes an element?

<p>A start tag, an end tag, and the content in between. (B)</p>
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What are 'empty elements' in HTML?

<p>Elements that have a start tag, but no content or end tag. (B)</p>
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What does it mean for HTML elements to be 'nested'?

<p>They are contained within other elements. (A)</p>
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Which of the following represents the correct nesting order of basic HTML elements?

<p><code>&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</code> (B)</p>
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What is a primary characteristic of HTML attributes?

<p>They provide additional information about HTML elements. (C)</p>
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In the context of HTML, what does the href attribute in the <a> tag specify?

<p>The URL that the hyperlink points to. (C)</p>
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What is the key difference between block-level and inline elements in HTML?

<p>Block-level elements start on a new line and take up the full width available, while inline elements do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary. (A)</p>
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Which of the following HTML elements is commonly used as a block-level element to create divisions or sections in a web page?

<div> (A)
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What is the purpose of the <h1> to <h6> tags in HTML?

<p>To define headings of different importance levels. (B)</p>
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Which HTML tag is used to define a paragraph?

<p> (C)
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Which HTML element is used to define a quotation?

<blockquote> (D)
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Which of the following is the correct way to create a link that sends an email using HTML?

<p><a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send Email</a> (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of the HTML phrase elements like <strong> and <em>?

<p>To indicate the context and meaning of the text, applying emphasis or importance. (B)</p>
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Which HTML tag is used to define a description list?

<dl> (C)
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A web browser's primary function is to render HTML documents correctly.

<p>True (A)</p>
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HTML tags are directly displayed by the browser to show the structure of the document.

<p>False (B)</p>
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The <body> section's content in an HTML document is viewable to users in the browser window.

<p>True (A)</p>
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The <title> element's content appears in the browser's main content area.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In HTML, &copy; is the correct code to display the copyright symbol.

<p>True (A)</p>
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HTML documents must start with the declaration <!DOCTYPE xml>.

<p>False (B)</p>
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An HTML element is defined only by a start tag.

<p>False (B)</p>
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All HTML elements must be nested within a parent element.

<p>True (A)</p>
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The <html> element does not require a closing tag.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Attributes in HTML always appear in the closing tag of an element.

<p>False (B)</p>
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The href attribute in an <a> tag specifies the URL that the link points to.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Block-level elements, like <p>, are displayed inline by default.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Inline elements, like <span>, always start on a new line.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In HTML, <h1> elements are less important than the <h6> elements.

<p>False (B)</p>
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The <p> tag is used to define paragraphs in HTML.

<p>True (A)</p>
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The <blockquote> element is used to show short quotes.

<p>False (B)</p>
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HTML links cannot be used to create clickable phone numbers.

<p>False (B)</p>
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The <br> element is used to create a new paragraph.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In HTML, <em> tag is specifically for bold text.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In HTML tables, the <th> tag can be used to define both row and column headers.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Flashcards

What is HTML?

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is the standard markup language for creating Web pages, describes the structure of a Web page, consists of a series of elements.

Web browser purpose?

Web browsers (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) read HTML documents and display them correctly. They don't show HTML tags but use them.

HTML document structure

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>. The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>. The visible part is in <body>.

What defines an HTML element?

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag: <tagname>Content</tagname>. Some elements are empty.

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Nesting in HTML elements

HTML elements can be nested; elements contain other elements (parent/child relationship). All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

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HTML attributes

HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements and are specified in the start tag. They come in name/value pairs (e.g., name="value").

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Common HTML tag attributes

The <a> tag defines a hyperlink; href specifies the URL. The <img> tag uses width and height to set image dimensions.

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Block vs. Inline?

Block-level elements start on a new line and add space (margin). Inline elements don't start a new line and only take up necessary width.

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Block-level elements

<p> defines a paragraph. <div> defines a division or section.

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Inline Elements

Inline elements do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary.

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What are HTML Headings?

HTML headings are titles/subtitles defined with <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> is most important, <h6> least.

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HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

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HTML Blockquotes

The HTML <blockquote> element defines a section quoted from another source. Browsers typically indent <blockquote> elements.

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tag in HTML

The <a> tag creates hyperlinks for page navigation.

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Absolute vs. Relative Links

Absolute links link to other websites using the full URL. Relative links point to pages on the same site.

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Types of HTML lists

HTML lists help group related items. Unordered lists use <ul> and bullets. Ordered lists use <ol> and numbers. Description lists use <dl>, <dt>, and <dd>.

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element in HTML documents?

The <div> tag defines a division or a section in an HTML document.

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Basic HTML table tags

<table> creates a table container. <tr> creates table rows. <td> creates data cells with content.

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What is th element?

The <th> tag defines a header cell within a table.

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Colspan and Rowspan?

In HTML tables, colspan makes a cell span multiple columns, and rowspan makes a cell span multiple rows.

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Special Entity Characters

Display special characters such as quotes or copyright symbols.

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mailto: links

A link that opens the user's default email client with the address pre-filled.

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tel: links

A link that triggers a phone call on a mobile device.

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tag

A line break element that is a stand-alone tag and does not require a closing tag.

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tag

An element that configures a horizontal line on a page, indicating a thematic break at the paragraph level.

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HTML Phrase Elements

Elements used to indicate the context and meaning of text within a document.

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tag

A tag that displays text in bold font to give it strong importance.

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tag

A tag that displays text in italic font to emphasize a word or a phrase.

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element

A section of a webpage designated for introductory content or navigation.

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A section used for navigation links.

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element

A section of a webpage for the main content.

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element

A section for the footer content like copyright or contact info.

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Enhanced table elements

In HTML, tables can have header and footer rows for extra info.

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tag in tables

The first tag inside a HTML table to provide context to the table.

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Study Notes

  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
  • HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages, describing the structure of a Web page.
  • HTML consists of a series of elements.
  • HTML elements instruct the browser on how to display content.
  • HTML elements label content, such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", and "this is a link".

Simple HTML Document Structure

  • <!DOCTYPE html> declares the document type as HTML.
  • <html> element is the root element of an HTML page.
  • <head> element contains meta-information about the HTML page.
  • <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page, which is shown in a browser's title bar or tab.
  • <body> element contains the visible page content.
  • <h1> element defines a large heading.
  • <p> element defines a paragraph.

Web Browsers

  • Web browsers like Chrome, Edge, Firefox, and Safari read HTML documents and display them correctly.
  • Browsers do not show the HTML tags, but use them to determine how to display the content.
  • The content inside the <body> section appears in the browser.
  • The content inside the <title> element appears in the browser's title bar or page tab.

Special Entity Characters

  • Special characters such as quotes and copyright symbols can be inserted.
  • Use &copy; for the copyright symbol.
  • Use &lt; for the less than symbol (<).
  • Use &gt; for the greater than symbol (>).
  • Use &amp; for the ampersand (&).
  • Use &nbsp; for a space.

HTML Documents

  • Documents must start with a <!DOCTYPE html> declaration.
  • The HTML document begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
  • The visible content is placed between <body> and </body>.

HTML Elements

  • Defined by a start tag, content, and end tag: <tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>.
  • The HTML element includes everything from the start tag to the end tag.
  • Some HTML elements have no content and are called empty elements, like <br>, and do not have an end tag.

Nested HTML Elements

  • HTML elements can be nested, meaning one element can contain other elements.
  • All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
  • A basic HTML structure contains <html>, <body>, <h1>, and <p> elements.
  • The <html> element is the root and defines the whole HTML document.
  • It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
  • Inside the <html> element is the <body>.

HTML Attributes

  • HTML attributes provide extra information about HTML elements and are specified in the start tag.
  • Attributes come in name/value pairs; name="value".
  • The <a> tag defines a hyperlink, with the href attribute specifying the link's URL: <a href="https://www.google.com">Visit google</a>.
  • The <img> tag should include width and height attributes to define the image dimensions: <img src="img.jpg" width="500" height="600">.

HTML Block and Inline Elements

  • Every HTML element has a default display value, dependent on its type.
  • Block-level elements start on a new line, and the browser adds some space (margin) before and after: <p>, <div>.
  • Inline elements do not start on a new line and only occupy as much width as necessary.
  • Commonly used block elements: <p> defines a paragraph, <div> defines a division or section.
  • Example of displaying an inline element <span> inside a paragraph.

HTML Headings

  • HTML headings are titles or subtitles displayed on a webpage.
  • Headings are defined with <h1> to <h6> tags.
  • <h1> defines the most important heading, and <h6> defines the least important.

HTML Paragraphs

  • HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

HTML Quotations

  • The <blockquote> element defines a section quoted from another source.
  • Browsers typically indent <blockquote> elements.

HTML Line Break Element

  • Creates a line break.
  • <br> is a stand-alone tag. Called a void element in HTML5.
  • Causes the next element or text to display on a new line.

HTML Horizontal Rule Element

  • Horizontal Rule element is a void element
  • Configures a horizontal line on the page using the tag <hr>.
  • In HTML5, it indicates a thematic break at the paragraph level.

HTML Phrase Elements

  • Phrase elements indicate the context and meaning of text and are displayed inline.
  • <b> tag is for bold text.
  • <strong> tag is for text with strong importance.
  • <i> tag is for italic text.
  • <em> is for emphasized text.

HTML Lists

  • HTML lists allow grouping of related items in lists.
  • Types of lists: Unordered, Description, and Ordered.

Unordered HTML Lists

  • An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag.
  • Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
  • List items are marked with bullets (small black circles) by default.

Ordered HTML List

  • Starts ith the <ol> tag, with each item starting with the <li> tag.
  • By default, the list items will be marked with numbers.

HTML Description Lists

  • Description lists comprise terms and their descriptions.
  • <dl> tag defines the description list.
  • <dt> tag defines the term (name).
  • <dd> tag describes each term.

HTML Div Element

  • The <div> element serves as a container for other HTML elements.
  • It's a block element by default, occupying available width, with line breaks before and after.
  • It is able to contain other block display and inline display elements.
  • Multiple <div> containers can be used on the same page.

Structural Elements

  • Structural elements organize different sections of a webpage.
  • <header> for headings.
  • <nav> for main navigation.
  • <main> for main content.
  • <footer> that contains the footer.

HTML Tables

  • HTML tables enable arranging data into rows and columns, and this is best suited for logically grouping related items.
  • Tables are created with the table tag <table> </table>: a container for table rows.
  • Each table row is created with the <tr> </tr> tag. It provides a container for table data cells,
  • Each table data cell is created with the <td> </td> tag,enclosing actual data.
  • A table title can be specified with <caption> </caption> tags.
  • Row and column headings can be added between <th> </th> tags. If included, the <caption> element must immediately follow the opening <table> tag.

HTML Table Colspan & Rowspan

  • Colspan is used to make a cell span over multiple columns.
  • To make a cell span over multiple rows you can use Rowspan.

Enhanced HTML Tables

  • Tables can have special header and footer rows using <thead> and <tfoot> tags.
  • Table rows should be enclosed in <tbody> tags when <thead> and/or <tfoot> are used.
  • Elements can group rows into sections for long tables.
  • When printed, headers and footers can repeat on each page.
  • <thead> must appear before <tbody>, but after <caption> if present.
  • This structure enhances table readability and organization.

HTML Validation

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