Introduction to Health Protection and Epidemiology

<p>Environmental, chemical, and radiological (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It deals with urgent public health problems and quick intervention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>R0 (Basic reproduction number) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune response strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pandemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidemic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>praevalere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of how common a disease is, including both new and established cases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 per 1000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50–59 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing treatment for patients in clinical settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Technical support and capacity building (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norms and standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virulence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apparent to in-apparent infection ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marketing new health gadgets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing recreational programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proportion of individuals with the condition at a specific point in time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point prevalence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects the proportion of the population with the condition at any time during a specified interval. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the rate of new events within a population over a defined time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence is a measure over time, while prevalence is at a single time point or period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Period prevalence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 new cases appear over a year in every 1000 students (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lifetime prevalence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are equivalent expressions for incidence rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>250 person-years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total person-years observed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 2 diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in the transfer (migration) rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The epidemiologist’s bathtub model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent observation periods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved diagnostic techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protection of individuals and populations from health threats through advice and collaboration.

Study of health-related states in populations and their determinants, applied to control health issues.

Investigations responding to urgent public health issues, aiming to implement quick interventions.

Factors that influence the health outcomes of populations, including social, environmental, and biological aspects.

Actions taken to improve health outcomes or prevent illness in populations during health crises.

An epidemic of pneumonia first identified in 1976 associated with Legionella bacteria.

A measure of how common a disease is in a population, reflecting both established and new cases.

The percentage of individuals affected by a disease in a specific population group.

A rapid increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a population.

Different age groups show varying rates of disease occurrence, evident in Legionnaires’ Disease statistics.

A disease or condition that spreads across multiple regions or globally.

Average number of new cases from a single infected individual in a naive population.

Average number of new cases from a single infected individual in a susceptible population.

Proportion of individuals with a condition at a specific point in time.

1% of students currently have the flu.

Proportion of individuals with a condition during a specified time interval.

3% of students suffer from the flu each month.

Proportion of individuals with a condition at any time during their lifetime.

Rate at which new events occur in a population over time.

Frequency of new cases in a population, expressed per time unit.

The incidence of flu cases among 1st year students.

The ability of an agent to infect a host, often measured by the secondary attack rate.

The capacity of an agent to cause disease, indicated by the proportion of infected individuals who show symptoms.

The severity of disease caused by an agent, often measured by the case fatality ratio.

The study to discover factors affecting health and determine causes of illness, disability, and death.

Segments of the population that face the greatest risk from specific health issues.

Assessing how well health programs and services improve population health.

The framework involving leadership, norms, evidence-based policies, and capacity building for health delivery.

Microorganisms that can cause disease; efficacy is evaluated by infectivity, pathogenicity, and virulence.

A measurement combining number of people and years observed.

Incidence = Number of new cases / (Total number of people × years observed) × 1000.

Common conditions that develop frequently but may not last long.

Rare conditions that persist over a long period.

Incidence rate, recovery, death, and transfer rates influence prevalence.

Studies health protection, communicable diseases, and their control importance.