Questions and Answers
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Plasma contains proteins (albumin, fibrinogen, etc.) while serum does not contain fibrinogen.
What are the main functions of blood?
What is the role of haemoglobin in the body?
Haemoglobin is essential for carrying oxygen to the tissues and returning carbon dioxide to the lungs.
What are the stem cells that can differentiate into all types of blood cells?
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Name two factors that influence haemopoiesis.
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What is the difference between plasma and serum?
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What are the main functions of blood?
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After birth, the ____________ is the exclusive site for haemopoiesis.
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What are haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs)?
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Match the term with its corresponding description:
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Haemoglobin is essential for normal red cell function.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Haematology
- Haematology is the study of blood and its disorders, playing a vital role in diagnosis and treatment.
- Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets, with an average volume of 5 litres in the human body.
Components of Blood
- Plasma contains water, salts, enzymes, antibodies, proteins (albumin, coagulation factors), electrolytes, and more.
- The main difference between plasma and serum is that plasma contains clotting factors, whereas serum does not.
Functions of Blood
- Three main functions: transport, protection, and regulation.
- Transport: Oxygen, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and heat throughout the body.
- Protection: Leukocytes defend against pathogens and cancer cells, while platelets and coagulation factors facilitate clotting and minimize blood loss.
- Regulation: Maintains overall health and homeostasis in the human body, with pH regulation and temperature control.
Haemopoiesis and Stem Cells
- Haemopoiesis is the physiological formation of all blood cells.
- The bone marrow is the exclusive site for haemopoiesis after birth, except for T lymphocyte maturation in the thymus.
- Haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing, and can differentiate into all types of blood cells.
Haemopoietic Stem Cells
- HSCs are identified by cell surface markers CD34+ and CD38−.
- They undergo asymmetric cell division, self-renewing and differentiating into various blood cells.
Haematological Testing
- Common haematological samples include full blood count (FBC) and blood smears.
- EDTA anticoagulant tubes are used for FBC and blood smears, while sodium citrate tubes are used for coagulation studies.
Factors Influencing Blood Cell Production
- Healthy bone marrow and stem cells are essential for haemopoiesis.
- Nutritional status, particularly iron deficiency, can affect anaemia.
- Haemopoietic growth factors, such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, thrombopoietin, and erythropoietin, influence blood cell production.
Role of the Bone Marrow in Haemopoiesis
- The bone marrow provides a suitable environment for stem cell survival, self-renewal, and formation of differentiated progenitor cells.
- It also provides growth factors, adhesion molecules, and cytokines necessary for haemopoiesis.
Introduction to Haematology
- Haematology is the study of blood and its disorders, playing a vital role in diagnosis and treatment.
- Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets, with an average volume of 5 litres in the human body.
Components of Blood
- Plasma contains water, salts, enzymes, antibodies, proteins (albumin, coagulation factors), electrolytes, and more.
- The main difference between plasma and serum is that plasma contains clotting factors, whereas serum does not.
Functions of Blood
- Three main functions: transport, protection, and regulation.
- Transport: Oxygen, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and heat throughout the body.
- Protection: Leukocytes defend against pathogens and cancer cells, while platelets and coagulation factors facilitate clotting and minimize blood loss.
- Regulation: Maintains overall health and homeostasis in the human body, with pH regulation and temperature control.
Haemopoiesis and Stem Cells
- Haemopoiesis is the physiological formation of all blood cells.
- The bone marrow is the exclusive site for haemopoiesis after birth, except for T lymphocyte maturation in the thymus.
- Haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing, and can differentiate into all types of blood cells.
Haemopoietic Stem Cells
- HSCs are identified by cell surface markers CD34+ and CD38−.
- They undergo asymmetric cell division, self-renewing and differentiating into various blood cells.
Haematological Testing
- Common haematological samples include full blood count (FBC) and blood smears.
- EDTA anticoagulant tubes are used for FBC and blood smears, while sodium citrate tubes are used for coagulation studies.
Factors Influencing Blood Cell Production
- Healthy bone marrow and stem cells are essential for haemopoiesis.
- Nutritional status, particularly iron deficiency, can affect anaemia.
- Haemopoietic growth factors, such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, thrombopoietin, and erythropoietin, influence blood cell production.
Role of the Bone Marrow in Haemopoiesis
- The bone marrow provides a suitable environment for stem cell survival, self-renewal, and formation of differentiated progenitor cells.
- It also provides growth factors, adhesion molecules, and cytokines necessary for haemopoiesis.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of haematology, including the main components of blood, haemopoiesis, and the role of the bone marrow. Test your knowledge of haematology!
