Podcast
Questions and Answers
The concept of ______ aims to ensure that current needs are met without jeopardizing the future.
The concept of ______ aims to ensure that current needs are met without jeopardizing the future.
sustainability
______ reactions are considered economic because they maximize the efficient use of atoms in chemical processes.
______ reactions are considered economic because they maximize the efficient use of atoms in chemical processes.
Addition
______ reactions often result in a loss of atoms and are thus termed uneconomic.
______ reactions often result in a loss of atoms and are thus termed uneconomic.
Elimination
The ______ of various chemical reactions is critical for fostering sustainable chemical practices.
The ______ of various chemical reactions is critical for fostering sustainable chemical practices.
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Diel Alder reactions are categorized under ______ reactions which are important in synthetic organic chemistry.
Diel Alder reactions are categorized under ______ reactions which are important in synthetic organic chemistry.
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During the twentieth century, chemistry changed the way we live, particularly through advancements in ______.
During the twentieth century, chemistry changed the way we live, particularly through advancements in ______.
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Man-made fibres such as rayon and ______ are used in clothing.
Man-made fibres such as rayon and ______ are used in clothing.
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Advanced composite materials have been developed for ______ sports equipment.
Advanced composite materials have been developed for ______ sports equipment.
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Lightweight polycarbonate cycle helmets are an example of safety innovations in ______.
Lightweight polycarbonate cycle helmets are an example of safety innovations in ______.
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One of the key concepts of Green Chemistry is ______ Economy.
One of the key concepts of Green Chemistry is ______ Economy.
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The percent atom economy can be calculated as 100 times the relative molecular mass of ______ used to make the wanted product.
The percent atom economy can be calculated as 100 times the relative molecular mass of ______ used to make the wanted product.
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In the theoretical reaction, X + Y = P + ______, material U is considered a byproduct.
In the theoretical reaction, X + Y = P + ______, material U is considered a byproduct.
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The goal of Green Chemistry is to reduce or eliminate the use or ______ of hazardous substances.
The goal of Green Chemistry is to reduce or eliminate the use or ______ of hazardous substances.
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Study Notes
Chapter 1 Overview
- Chapter 1 covers introductions to Atom Economy, Principles of Green Chemistry, UN Development Goals.
- Dr. Waseem Abu Oun is the presenter.
Introduction to Twentieth-Century Chemistry
- Chemistry profoundly transformed daily life in the 20th century.
- Transportation: Fuel additives, catalytic converters, plastics were developed to improve efficiency and reduce emissions.
- Clothing: Synthetic fibers like rayon and nylon, dyes, and waterproofing chemicals were introduced.
- Sports: Composite materials were used for sports equipment, such as tennis rackets and cycle helmets.
- Safety: Improved materials provided advanced safety features like fire-retardant furniture and air bags.
- Food: Refrigerants, packaging, containers, and processing aids (like preservatives) became crucial.
Green Chemistry Focus
- Green chemistry promotes innovative chemical technologies. Specifically, it seeks to reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in chemical processes.
- The core focus is reducing waste, materials, hazard, risk, energy and costs.
Goals of Green Chemistry
- Reduce negative environmental impacts by employing appropriate materials and processes.
- Develop processes using renewable sources instead of depleting resources.
- Develop processes that are less prone to hazardous chemical releases or explosions.
- Minimize chemical by-products and redesign reactions.
- Design products that are less toxic and degrade quickly in the environment.
- Improve energy efficiency through low-temperature and low-pressure processes with new catalysts.
- Develop efficient and reliable monitoring systems.
The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
- 1. Waste Prevention: Preventing waste is better than cleaning it up.
- 2. Atom Economy: Maximize the incorporation of all starting materials into the final product reducing waste.
- 3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses: Use substances with low toxicity for both humans and the environment.
- 4. Designing Safer Chemicals: Design molecules to perform their function while minimizing toxicity risks.
- 5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries: Minimize the use of solvents; use environmentally benign substances for mixing, cleaning, etc.
- 6. Design for Energy Efficiency: Reduce energy demands of chemical processes.
- 7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks: Use abundant and renewable resources and avoid those that diminish essential resources
- 8. Reduce Derivatives: Avoid step-by-step chemical transformations
- 9. Catalytic Reagents: Use catalytic reagents as much as possible.
- 10. Design for Degradation: Design chemicals to break down at the end of their useful lifetime.
- 11. Pollution Prevention: Design methods to allow for real-time monitoring and control that prevent the creation of hazardous substances.
- 12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention: Design processes to avoid accidents, such as explosions and fires
Atom Economy Principles
- Atom economy measures how many reactant atoms end up as desired products. Byproducts of chemical processes are factored into the economic feasibility analysis
- High atom economy = good
- Low atom economy = not so good
- Atom economy is determined by calculating a percentage in which the relative molecular mass (Mr) of the desired products in the reaction are divided by the Mr of the reactants in the process.
Key Atom Economy Reactions
- Rearrangement reactions (Claisen rearrangement are given as examples) have high atom economy.
- Addition Reactions have high atom economy, while substitution and elimination reactions have lower atom economy.
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- The SDGs are a collection of 17 goals formed by the United Nations.
- The aims include ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
- The goals are broad, interconnected, and cover social, economic, and environmental issues. They are the responsibility of all.
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts from Chapter 1 of Green Chemistry, including Atom Economy and the principles of Green Chemistry. It also discusses the impact of chemistry on various aspects of daily life in the 20th century. Test your knowledge on innovative chemical technologies and their environmental implications.
