Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a method used for enhancing contrast in fingermark imaging by influencing the optical properties of the mark and background?
What is a method used for enhancing contrast in fingermark imaging by influencing the optical properties of the mark and background?
Which of the following techniques does NOT involve a chemical reaction in the enhancement of fingermarks?
Which of the following techniques does NOT involve a chemical reaction in the enhancement of fingermarks?
Which method improves contrast by using filters in conjunction with white light to minimize distracting colored backgrounds?
Which method improves contrast by using filters in conjunction with white light to minimize distracting colored backgrounds?
What primary benefit does fluorescence examination provide in fingermark imaging?
What primary benefit does fluorescence examination provide in fingermark imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following matches fingermark enhancement techniques with their description incorrectly?
Which of the following matches fingermark enhancement techniques with their description incorrectly?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of setting up cordons at a crime scene?
What is the primary purpose of setting up cordons at a crime scene?
Signup and view all the answers
Which task is NOT part of the initial response to a crime scene?
Which task is NOT part of the initial response to a crime scene?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the inner cordon at a crime scene consist of?
What does the inner cordon at a crime scene consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect is a goal of dynamic risk assessment at a crime scene?
Which aspect is a goal of dynamic risk assessment at a crime scene?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a key responsibility during volume crime investigations?
Which of the following is a key responsibility during volume crime investigations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical function of the outer cordon?
What is a critical function of the outer cordon?
Signup and view all the answers
Which action should be prioritized once a dynamic risk assessment is complete?
Which action should be prioritized once a dynamic risk assessment is complete?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an important aspect of preserving evidence at a crime scene?
What is an important aspect of preserving evidence at a crime scene?
Signup and view all the answers
What technique is used to analyze inks that have similar visible appearance?
What technique is used to analyze inks that have similar visible appearance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which analysis is primarily concerned with microstructural details of paper?
Which analysis is primarily concerned with microstructural details of paper?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an indication that a signature may have been traced rather than written quickly?
What is an indication that a signature may have been traced rather than written quickly?
Signup and view all the answers
What technique can reveal obliterated text when different inks are used?
What technique can reveal obliterated text when different inks are used?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic of certain inks is useful for forensic analysis under infrared light?
Which characteristic of certain inks is useful for forensic analysis under infrared light?
Signup and view all the answers
What method can help detect erasures on a written document that has been altered with solvents?
What method can help detect erasures on a written document that has been altered with solvents?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of analysis is used to determine if a questioned document was written by the claimed author?
What type of analysis is used to determine if a questioned document was written by the claimed author?
Signup and view all the answers
What can infrared techniques reveal about a faded document?
What can infrared techniques reveal about a faded document?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a limitation of using UV light for imaging?
What is a limitation of using UV light for imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
What advantage does digital imaging provide in the context of fingermarks?
What advantage does digital imaging provide in the context of fingermarks?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of wavelengths can reveal marks on patterned, multi-coloured backgrounds?
Which type of wavelengths can reveal marks on patterned, multi-coloured backgrounds?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT included in the UK's national fingerprint database?
Which of the following is NOT included in the UK's national fingerprint database?
Signup and view all the answers
How many individuals' ten-prints does the UK’s fingerprint database hold approximately?
How many individuals' ten-prints does the UK’s fingerprint database hold approximately?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to fingerprint images in England and Wales following an arrest?
What happens to fingerprint images in England and Wales following an arrest?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate number of scene of crime identifications made in the last 6 months according to the database?
What is the approximate number of scene of crime identifications made in the last 6 months according to the database?
Signup and view all the answers
How many matches does the national database make from recovered crime scene data per year?
How many matches does the national database make from recovered crime scene data per year?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of PPE in a forensic context?
What is the primary purpose of PPE in a forensic context?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a reason to examine documents in forensic investigations?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to examine documents in forensic investigations?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of a document can be analyzed to identify alterations?
What aspect of a document can be analyzed to identify alterations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is used to determine the sequence of document alterations?
Which method is used to determine the sequence of document alterations?
Signup and view all the answers
Locard's principle is primarily associated with which forensic concept?
Locard's principle is primarily associated with which forensic concept?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of documents are commonly examined for forgery?
Which type of documents are commonly examined for forgery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which tool would NOT be utilized for document examination?
Which tool would NOT be utilized for document examination?
Signup and view all the answers
When analyzing handwriting, which element is typically NOT considered?
When analyzing handwriting, which element is typically NOT considered?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the 'Three Shot Rule' in crime scene photography?
What is the primary purpose of the 'Three Shot Rule' in crime scene photography?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for photographing evidence?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for photographing evidence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum DPI required for fingerprint capture?
What is the minimum DPI required for fingerprint capture?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to have an accurate perspective in crime scene photography?
Why is it important to have an accurate perspective in crime scene photography?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be included with evidence numbers in photographs?
What should be included with evidence numbers in photographs?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens if the resolution of an image is low?
What happens if the resolution of an image is low?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is essential for avoiding motion blur in crime scene photographs?
Which component is essential for avoiding motion blur in crime scene photographs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of taking long-range shots in crime scene photography?
What is the purpose of taking long-range shots in crime scene photography?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Forensics
- Direct evidence establishes facts through eyewitness testimony or confessions.
- Circumstantial evidence needs interpretation, and frequently involves DNA.
- Locard's exchange principle states that "every contact leaves a trace."
- Eyewitness testimony is limited by intentional and change blindness.
- Forensic science investigates a crime (whether it was committed), determines responsibility, and whether a prosecution is justified.
Crime Scenes
- Crime scene is location of illegal act, where evidence is collected.
- Primary crime scene is where the actual crime took place, and secondary scenes are related locations.
- Crime scenes are processed by trained personnel, including crime scene investigators (CSIs).
- Safety procedures are crucial to preserve evidence.
Role of Investigators
- Investigation process involves reporting a crime, evidence preservation and recovery, analysis, conclusions, and prosecuting the case.
- Crime scene examination involves preservation, recording, documenting scene, identifying evidence, and gathering items
- CSI role: confirms committed crime, preserves scene, identifies key evidence, documents all evidence and prepares court statements.
Types of Crime and Initial Tasks
- Volume crimes involve lesser offenses such as burglary, theft of property. Initial tasks for these involve preserving life, protecting property, maintenance of order, preserving evidence, and apprehending offenders.
- Major crimes involve more serious offenses such as murder, manslaughter, rape, arson, or terrorism. Initial tasks involve preserving life, protecting property, maintenance of order, preserving evidence, and apprehending offenders.
Health and Safety
- Set up safety procedures (cordons and rendezvous points) to prevent people from accessing the crime scene.
- Identify hazards in the crime environment, such as biological and chemical hazards.
- Establish safety distances between people and the crime scene.
Evidence Packaging and Preservation.
- Correct packaging, minimizing handling and inappropriate storage.
- Ensure proper packaging, including storage and handling (tools, gloves, PPE).
- Prevent cross-contamination during the packaging and storage process.
- Preserve evidence integrity by preventing contamination, damage, or degradation.
- Proper labeling and record keeping necessary to maintain chain of custody and preserve integrity.
Crime Scene Management and Searches
- Use of zoning and search techniques to systematically search.
- Physical zones to systematically manage the crime scene.
- Techniques like strip/parallel search pattern, grid method, and outward/inward spiral.
Documentation and Photography
- Detailed crime scene sketches with measurements to detail the scene (e.g., dimensions of the scene, locations of objects).
- Photographs (long range, medium range, close-up views, with a 'three-shot rule') to document the scene before, during and after critical evidence collection.
- Photography must follow established procedures, with considerations for scale, quality, and resolution.
Forensic Examinations- Special Focus on Documents, Fraud, and Forgery
- A document (official or not) can be analyzed for its authenticity given its characteristics, author(s), alterations, additions, erasures and/or obliterations, and the method of creating the document
- Documents can be analyzed to identify the author and method (printing type, handwriting) and any tampering or alterations.
- Important to consider ink analysis and paper analysis, as well as special properties(watermarks, fluorescence markers or obliterations)
- Using analytical methods in comparison with related docs (e.g. handwriting) can aid in determining the source of a document or authenticity.
Fingerprint Analysis
- Fingerprints unique to each individual and remain consistent throughout their whole life.
- Fingerprint patterns used to identify individuals in crime scenes.
- Fingerprints are collected under controlled conditions and documented for comparison.
- Classification systems used to sort and match fingerprints (Henry system using patterns and ridge characteristics).
- Types of fingerprints include arches, loops and whorls.
- Fingerprint analysis used to identify individuals.
Trace Evidence
- Trace evidence are the marks left from contacts between hands and surfaces, providing evidence for investigations.
- Using forensic science to identify an individual for forensic cases
- Chemical composition can change, depending on the surface and time factors.
Evidence Recovery
- The physical examination of exhibits and the retrieval of any evidence are crucial.
- When receiving exhibits, carefully examine and document the packaging for signs of tampering or damage.
- Cut or remove packaging appropriately (e.g., cutting a new hole in the packaging).
- Properly handle and package any debris/fragments fallen from items being analyzed..
- Photograph and document anything unusual that can be utilized as part of a thorough forensic investigation
- Properly record all recovered evidence (e.g., label and seal).
Documenting Scenes and Evidence
- Crime scene reports/logs/photographs (date, time, location) which details scene parameters.
- Reports include observations of local conditions (weather, lighting) and photographs, and documentation of everything important to the crime.
- Photographs that document the entire scene and all objects found.
- The information obtained from the crime scene must be documented in detail and prepared contemporaneously for court use
Personal Protective Equipment
- PPE is used to maintain safety of personnel and maintain the integrity of evidence.
- PPE such as face masks, gloves, appropriate eyewear, and specialist clothing.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fundamentals of forensic science and its crucial role in crime investigation. This quiz covers direct and circumstantial evidence, the importance of crime scene processing, and the responsibilities of investigators. Understand how evidence is collected and analyzed to create a solid case for prosecution.
